surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in pediatric surgery 829


table 4. Distribution of SAP Appropriate Timing in Procedures With SAP Indication According to Several Patients and Clinical Characteristics


Procedures With SAP Indication Appropriate Timing


Characteristics Total


Gender Male


Female


Nationality Italian Other


Neonate/Infant (>30 d, ≤1 y) Child (>1 year, ≤12 y) Adolescent (>12 y, <18 y) Prior antibiotic allergies Yes No


Age groups 49


165 144


11


Hospital with pediatric surgery ward Yes No


Ward of hospital stay General surgery


Surgical specialties


Type of admission Ordinary


Day surgery Surgical procedure group


Urological, gynecologic/obstetric Head and necka Tegument Orthopedic Abdominal


Type of surgery Elective Urgent


Nighttime procedures Yes No


ASA score <3 ≥3


Insertion of indwelling urinary catheterc Yes No


Implantation of prosthesis Yes No


Age, y Weight, kg Surgical procedure duration, min


Mean±SD 10.0±5.5


40.8±22.0 43.1±44.1


Appropriate timing Inappropriate timing


Surgical wound classification Clean


Clean contaminated or contaminated


347 215


143 209


149 205


153 45


64 36


145 68


235 123


20 338


171b 187


343 15


114 244


25 333


Appropriate timing Inappropriate timing


Appropriate timing Inappropriate timing


No. 358


228 130


342 16


No. (%)


154 (43.0) 86 (37.7)


68 (52.3) 145 (42.2)


9 (56.2) 14 (28.6)


74 (44.8) 66 (45.8)


.284 3 (27.3)


151 (43.5) 96 (44.6)


58 (40.6) 96 (45.9)


58 (38.9) 75 (36.6)


79 (51.6) 19 (42.2)


22 (34.4) 15 (41.7) 75 (51.7) 23 (33.8)


.004


114 (48.5) 40 (32.5)


.854 9 (45.0)


145 (42.9) 84 (49.1)


70 (37.4) 151 (44.0)


3 (20.0) 65 (57.0)


89 (36.5) 9 (36.0)


No. (Mean±SD) 154 (10.9±5.0)


145 (43.5) P .005 204 (42.1±38.5)


204 (35.5±22.9) 154 (44.6±50.8)


204 (9.3±5.8) 154 (43.6±20.4)


.034 .579


NOTE. SAP, surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists. aIncluding ear, nose and throat (ENT), ophthalmic, and maxillofacial surgery. bClean surgery with SAP indication is represented by orthopedic surgery with implantation of prosthesis, lacrimal


surgery, and spinal surgery.14,18 cSAP is indicated for hypospadias repair until indwelling urinary catheter removal.


.026 .066 <.001 .462 .444 .187


.004 .066


P .007 .274 .088


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