• Use words indicating direction. • Use words to show appreciation.


Giving instructions To explain how to use a tool or an instrument,


prepare food, repair faults, etc. • Explain the working or use of any article in operation; preparing dishes, repairing any defaults, etc.


• Plan and prepare (see writing features): • Understand the situation(s) and what the


product of giving instructions or demonstrations should be or do.


• Reflect clear, correct and logical sequence of instructions.


• Use manuals, instructions and operations. • Consider vocabulary, grammar, expression,


technical language and phrases that might be used.


• Presenting.


Advertisement • Catch and keep the attention of the reader – ensuring that the operative words stand out.


• Create a desire to own the product or use the service.


• Make the reader actually go out and buy/use the product/service.


• Consider the following in designing: • The target market (for whom the advertisement is intended)


• Positioning (where and when the advertisement will appear – in what media, at what time and where in the programme or magazine)


• Appeal (to what sense is the advertisement appealing?)


• The layout and font size • The attitude (sincere or not) and the ratio between fact and opinion


• The effectiveness of the choice of colour or lack thereof


• The language used (whether it is clichéd, repetitive, figurative, rhetorical, etc.).


Posters/flyers • Can take a variety of forms. • Make use of slogans and logos. • Usually have a visual design element.


• Use advertising techniques. • Use design to make the poster/flyer eye- catching and memorable.


• Figurative language and poetic devices used to create impact.


• Make the language memorable, e.g. metaphor, simile, alliteration, repetition, rhyme, rhythm.


Filling in a form • Fill in a form for various reasons, e.g. to apply


for a job or leave or to enter competitions or contests.


• Provide information as required by the institution to which the form is forwarded.


• State what is required, followed by a colon, e.g. Surname:


• Fill in accurately.


Obituary To commemorate and inform others of someone’s


death. • Full names, birthplace, where the person lived, date of birth, date of death, key survivors (spouse, children) and their names; time, date, place of funeral, brief information about the deceased, etc.


• Some of the following may also be included: cause of death (cultural sensitivity); biographical information; memorial tribute information.


Contract A binding agreement entered intoby two or more parties. The intention of a contract is to create an obligation. Contract can also be made orally.


Elements of a contract: • names (contractor, contractee, witnesses) • terms and conditions (content of the contract –


including service to be rendered, duration and money if there would be monetary implications)


• signatures (all parties involved) • date and place (when and where the contract is signed).


Will/testament A Will decides or determines what happens to one’s property and possessions after death. A Will ensures that the deceased’s wishes are fulfilled after death. A Will should be kept up to date and in a safe place.


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