SECTION 4 Writing Writing
Writing in the Senior Phase develops the skills acquired by learners in the Intermediate Phase, by consolidating the writing frames and the Writing Process. Use reading activities to remind learners of the specific features of writing frames. This English Home Language series supports the
teaching of writing in the following ways: • the different steps in the Writing Process are consolidated and taught.
• learners are challenged to write a number of different types of texts.
• learners are exposed to the different features of various text types.
The Writing Process
This English Home Language series guides learners in applying the Writing Process to their
own writing: • Planning/Pre-writing: to brainstorm ideas and plan the development of the text.
• Drafting: organise ideas into written paragraphs. Plan the structure of the text to be written, and finalise what is to be included and what is to be omitted.
• Revision: read draft critically and get feedback from others (e.g. classmates and teacher).
• Editing/Proofreading: allow others to provide critical feedback on the written draft. Edit the draft, paying careful attention to spelling, punctuation, choice of words, the development of the text, any details that may have been left out of the story and the language used. Read through the story to identify any spelling and grammar errors that may have been overlooked in the editing stage.
• Presenting: incorporate all the changes made in the editing and proofreading stages, and rewrite the text for final presentation.
Types of writing texts
Essays Word count: Grade 7
Grade 8 Grade 9
150–200 words 200–250 words 250–300 words There are five types of essays that you need to be able to write. (The sixth is for enrichment.)
Narrative essay Narrative writing is largely the presentation of a series of events in some meaningful order. The
following are possible features of a narrative essay: • Write a story/a past event/fiction. • Use a story line that is convincing. • Usually use the past tense. • Use a captivating introductory paragraph. • Reflect a point to be made. • Use an unusually interesting ending. • Keep your reader’s interest with style, rhetorical device and action.
• Highlight sensory details. • Use descriptive elements.
Descriptive essay Description is used often to create atmosphere and mood: films do this visually, writers do this with words. The choice of words is more determined by
their connotations than by their literal meanings. • Describe someone/something to allow the reader to experience the topic vividly.
• Create a picture in words. • Choose words and expressions carefully to achieve the desired effect.
• Use images of sight, sound, hearing, taste and touch.
• Use figures of speech.
Argumentative essay Argumentative essays present an argument for or against something (“why I believe that women are
stronger than men”). • Argumentative essays tend to be subjectively argued; the defence or attack is consistent and as well argued as possible. It will always be one-
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