skier zones
A means of classifying general ability levels based on appropriate terrain and skier proficiency. While there is no universal system for categorizing skiers, the American Teaching System refers to beginner/novice, intermediate, and advanced “skier zones.”
skill
Learned movement, resulting in pro- ficient movement that is controlled, coordinated, and efficient.
Skills Concept
The technical model of American ski instruction. It is based on the knowledge that three skills – rotational control, edge control, and pressure control – are integral to all turns, and essential for maintaining balance.
ski performance
An element of movement analysis in which the instructor observes the action of the skis in relation to the student’s desired outcomes and body movements.
slalom
Considered a technical discipline in ski racing, the course is set with gates close together, dictating short-radius turns.
sliding
The movement of skis across the snow in the direction of the long axis of the skis.
slipping
The movement of skis across the snow in a direction perpendicular to the long axis of the skis.
slow vs. fast
An element of movement analysis, in which the instructor may ask students to ski slowly during a particular task to aid observation of the skier’s body movements and resulting ski actions.
Smart Style
A code of conduct for freestyle terrain. smear
To turn with a low edge angle and pronounced lower body steering.
spin
To rotate on an upright or corked axis without flipping or inverting; or the maneuver resulting from rotation about an axis.
spine
The series of small bones, called vertebrae, along a person’s dorsal side, which support much of the body’s structure, is flexible to allow movement, and protects the spinal cord. Or a park feature that’s generally built with a steep takeoff ramp and a groomed tran- sition on the left, right, and back of the feature; the top of a spine is generally very narrow.
split
The process of separating a group of students into smaller, more homoge- neous classes, due to their ability levels.
stance
How a skier stands on skis. One of the basic indicators of performance at all levels of skiing, stance affects the application and blending of skills. The “stacking” of body segments is often best observed from the side.
stationary
The portion of an exercise line (or progression) in which the instructor introduces a goal or sensation at its most basic level; while the skier is standing still, with or without skis.
steering
Using muscular movements to turn edged skis. Steering allows skiers to actively direct the path of the skis while responding to terrain and snow conditions.
Student Makeup (profile) Part of the Teaching Model, this term represents the “non-technical” factors each student brings to the learning environment, including personal char- acteristics and background, motivation, emotional states, beliefs and values, and physical health.
super-G
Considered a speed event in ski racing, the course is set more open than for giant slalom and speeds are much greater.
supination
Movement that consists of plantar flexion of the ankle, and inversion and adduction of the foot.
tactics
The strategic choices a skier makes to achieve a goal. Decisions are based on intent, knowledge, and level of performance within the context of the skiing environment.
tail
The back of a ski. tail shape
A component of ski design that influences how skis finish a turn. The three primary categories of tail shape are flat, upturned, and twin-tip.
taper
The amount that the tail of a ski is narrower than the tip.
tapered sidecut
A progressively tighter curve as the sidecut nears the tail of a ski.
task
An assigned activity that focuses on specific instructions, goals, movements, or skills.
snow types
Approximate classifications of snow: powder – snow that is light, dry, and fluffy; packed powder – snow that is pressed together or groomed; corn – pellet-sized snow particles that have formed through repetitive thawing, refreezing, and recrystallizing; crud – settling snow that is cut up by skiers and riders; wind-crust – snow with a wind-compacted top layer; cement – uncompacted, heavy snow with a high moisture content; ice – snow that has become very dense and hard.
step turn
A turn in which the skier uses the downhill ski as a platform and steps the uphill ski into a parallel or converging position.
straight run The act of sliding in the fall line.
student-centered teaching A teaching style that addresses the student’s needs, desires, expectations, preferred learning styles, and reactions to the learning process.
146 PSIA ALPINE TECHNICAL MANUAL
TheSnowPros.org
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154