rail
A non-snow feature, usually with a metal or plastic sliding surface. Rails come in many sizes and designs and differ from boxes in that they have legs rather than enclosed sides.
railroad track turns
Turns in which the skier slightly tips both feet to make two clean and parallel tracks in the snow.
ramp
A natural or manmade jump. range of motion
The distance a joint can articulate along its planes of motion.
rate
The speed in which a movement occurs (which the instructor observes as a quantifiable element of movement analysis).
real vs. ideal
A comparison of a student’s perfor- mance (real) to performance that would be optimal (ideal) for a given task.
rebound
The recoil of a decambered ski. When a skier bends the skis through the turn (i.e., decambering) and then releases the pressure and forces, the skis rebound and create a snappy linkage from turn to turn.
reinforcement
The process of rewarding students for appropriate performance. Recognizing and praising students for reaching their achievements boosts their motivation.
retraction
Pulling the legs up under the body (active retraction) or allowing the terrain to push the legs up under the body (passive retraction), which momentarily reduces pressure.
reverse camber
The opposite of camber, this term describes a ski bowed or bent at its midsection. Also refers to bending a ski by pressure exerted on the ski. When a skier tips a moving ski on edge and applies pressure (weight) to the ski, the ski will bend into reverse camber and scribe an arc in the snow.
rotational movements Movements that increase, limit, or decrease rotation of the skis.
sagittal plane
An anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left halves. Fore (forward) and aft (backward) movements occur along this plane.
shaping phase
The middle third of a turn, from just before the fall line to just after the fall line.
shovel
The tip of a ski. A true twin tip ski can have a shovel at both ends.
sidecountry
Backcountry terrain accessible by a ski lift.
sidecut
The hourglass shape of a ski when viewed from above, typically wider at the tip and tail and narrower at the waist. This characteristic helps a ski turn when the edge is tilted and pressed into the snow.
ski flex
How a ski bends along its length to form an arc.
sintered base
The p-tex base of a ski made by press- ing polyethylene pellets into a sheet (in comparison to an extruded p-tex base, where polyethylene pellets are melted together).
skate
To move forward on diverging skis by alternately engaging the edges and flex- ing/extending the legs; often combined with poling movements.
skidded turn
A turn in which the edge slips laterally as it travels forward; or a turn that is not carved.
skidding
Movement of the skis in a curved path characterized by simultaneous sliding (forward action) and slipping (sideways action) of the skis.
rocker
The shape or design of a ski with reverse camber throughout part or all of its length. The three general categories of rocker are: tip rocker/early rise, tip and tail rocker, and full rocker.
roller
A wave-like terrain feature with rounded mounds of snow that have been groomed smooth. Also known as a knoll.
rotation
Circular movement about an axis, including the movement of a limb about its axis; the spinning of skis about an axis perpendicular to their base.
rotational balance
The rotational motion of a body about an axis (including the movement of the body’s limbs about their (axes) to maintain equilibrium.
rotational control
Turning the skis about the vertical axis of the body. Skiers use this skill to affect the direction their skis point. Rotational control is one of the skills of the PSIA Skills Concept.
sidecut radius
If an imaginary line matching the curvature of the ski continued around to form a full circle, the radius of the circle (sidecut radius) would be the distance between the center of the circle and the side of the ski. Sidecut radius influences the ideal type of turn the ski is designed to make.
sideslip
A maneuver in which the skier travels in a direction sideways to the length of the ski. The slipping action can occur straight down the hill or diagonally down the hill, forward or backward.
sidestep
A movement in which the skier climbs up or down a slope by standing perpen- dicular to the fall line and taking small steps with each ski, keeping the skis parallel.
simple
The portion of an exercise line (or progression) in which the skier sets into motion the movements and sensa- tions initially introduced in a stationary exercise.
TheSnowPros.org
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