concentric tension
In this type of tension, the muscle actively flexes and the fibers shorten (contract) to overcome opposing forces, and move the joint.
connective tissue
The tissue that functions to support, connect, or separate bodily tissues and organs; includes tendons and ligaments.
coordination
The harmonious functioning of muscles to execute movements.
core
A frame of anatomical reference for the body minus the legs and arms. The major muscles of the core reside in the area of the belly and the mid and lower back (not the shoulders), and peripherally include the hips, shoulders and neck.
corrective feedback
External feedback an instructor delivers to suggest more efficient or effective movements for a specific outcome.
counter
To oppose or to go the opposite way. The term typically refers to a relationship in which the lower body turns against or opposes the upper body or vice versa; especially useful in bumps or short-radius turns.
counter-rotation
Twisting the upper body in one direction and the lower body in another direction at the same time.
cuff adjustment
A means of making a boot more closely match lower leg shape by changing the lateral alignment of the cuff.
customer service
Providing a service or product in a manner that places great value on customer satisfaction. Customer service touches all aspects of resort operations. The instructor is a conduit to the customer’s overall enjoyment of the mountain experience.
decamber
Camber is the natural arch that is designed into the ski or snowboard. To decamber a ski means to bend it enough that the camber is momentarily gone, as when flexing the ski during a turn.
drill
A task or exercise used to enforce a desired performance or retain knowl- edge; or to practice or repeat an exercise.
effective edge length
The length of the edge, measured in centimeters, that’s in contact with the snow.
deceleration
A colloquial term often used to describe slowing speed or velocity; also called de-acceleration.
demonstrate
To perform a task or exercise highlighting particular movements.
desired outcomes
The goals of a lesson, or task within the lesson, which are largely based upon what the student wants to achieve but can also represent an effect of a particular lesson strategy to achieve those goals.
detune
To dull a portion of the edge near the tip and/or tail of a ski to reduce the amount that edge will hook into and/or out of a turn.
direction
An element of movement analysis in which the instructor not only observes the duration, intensity, rate, and timing of body movements but also the direction of the movement or action of the skis.
DIRT
Acronym for the elements of movement analysis in which the instructor observes the duration, intensity, rate, and timing of a skier’s movements. These are quantifying terms that attach a value to the movements observed in a movement analysis process.
dorsiflexion
Ankle flexion of the foot upward, toward the shin.
downhill
The term, “downhill” is commonly used to mean alpine skiing in general. Considered a speed event in ski racing, downhill involves the largest turn radii and fastest speeds of all the racing disciplines.
down unweighting
A quick flexion of the legs that produces a momentary reduction of pressure as the skier’s center of mass falls.
edge
A metal strip inserted between the base and the core on the side of a ski; the edge can be sharpened, allowing a skier to slice through hard snow and ice.
edge angle
The amount of ski tilt relative to the surface of the snow and to the hill. A ski placed flat on the snow has zero degrees of edge angle. The greater the edge angle and equipment sidecut, the shorter the turn radius.
edge control
Tipping the skis relative to the length or longitudinal axis of the skis. Skiers use this skill to increase or decrease the angle of the ski to the snow. Edge control is one of the skills of the PSIA Skills Concept.
edging
One of the three basic ski skills, as defined by an early version of the Skills Concept (circa 1977). Also known as edge control.
edging movements
Movements that increase or decrease edge angle. Edging movements are one of the skills of the early PSIA Skills Concept.
eccentric tension
In this type of tension, the muscle lengthens as a result of exerting less tension or force than the outside force it is working against.
dynamic balance
Balance in motion; see also balance. dynamic turn
A parallel turn with more carving than skidding. Energy stored in the ski during one turn is released to aid the start of the next turn. In contrast, a non-dynamic turn relies on more muscular rotary movements to cause the ski to turn.
duration
The length of time a movement occurs (which the instructor observes as a quantifiable element of movement analysis).
140 PSIA ALPINE TECHNICAL MANUAL
TheSnowPros.org
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