landing
The area of a jump where a skier lands, including the touchdown and runout.
lateral
Directed or proceeding toward the side, away from the midline of an object. A person who is standing and steps sideways is moving laterally.
learning environment
Conditions affecting the ability to learn. Learning Partnership
Part of the Teaching Model, this is the rapport an instructor forms with the student. Essential to the success of this relationship is the instructor’s understanding of the student’s needs and expectations and the student’s willingness to actively participate in learning.
leg rotation
Movement of the lower body to make the skis turn. This includes elements of rotation from the femur in the hip socket and lower leg (below the knee) rotation.
lesson plan
A plan for executing a lesson; includes goals, objectives, and activities.
ligament
A band of thick, strong, fibrous tissue that connects bones and strengthens joints.
line of action
The line along which a force acts. When a skier makes a turn, the line of action passes from the inside edge of the outside ski through the center of mass.
longitudinal flex
The change in shape of a ski along its length as a result of applying differential pressure, permitting flex into reverse camber.
mass
The property of an object that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field; the amount of material that an object contains. Mass is commonly but impre- cisely used as a synonym for weight.
mechanics
The essential actions of the skis and basic body movements present in all skiing, regardless of terrain, snow conditions, pitch of the slope, and speed of descent.
National Ski Patrol (NSP) An association whose members support and participate in the snowsport and outdoor recreation community by provid- ing educational training and emergency care and rescue services.
neutral
Posture in which the alignment of the body is centered.
never-ever A student who has never skied before. parallel turn
A turn made on corresponding ski edges with simultaneous edge release and engagement. The skis remain parallel throughout the turn, as opposed to converging or diverging.
passive
Inactive, but acting upon; or allowed to happen in order to maintain the ski-to- snow interaction.
pace
The intensity of a practice period, its duration, and the frequency of repeating practice; the speed of something; or to orchestrate the activities that make up a lesson in order to maintain interest while avoiding premature fatigue.
muscle
Tissue composed of cells that can shorten (contract) and lengthen (relax) to stabilize or move joints.
National Ski Areas Association (NSAA)
A national trade association for ski and snowboard area owners and operators.
model
An analogy in which concepts are related to a familiar device or system to facilitate understanding.
moguls
The series of mounds (or “bumps”) that naturally form on a run when skiers and snowboarders push the snow into piles as they execute short-radius turns. The steeper the slope, the bigger the bumps and deeper the troughs between bumps.
momentum
Inertia in motion; defined as an object’s mass multiplied by its velocity. Speeding up, slowing down, and turning are all changes in momentum. An external force must be involved to change momentum.
movement analysis (MA) The process of observing a movement, evaluating the relevance and effect of that movement on other movements and the action of the skis, and prescrib- ing changes for enhanced efficiency, effectiveness, and performance.
medial
Pertaining to the middle; nearer the middle of the body, as opposed to “lateral.”
Newton’s Laws of Motion Fundamental laws of physics that describe the relationship between the forces that act on a body and the motion that results. • Newton’s First Law: An object remains at rest or continues to move in a straight line at a constant speed if there are no unbalanced forces acting on it.
• Newton’s Second Law: When the forces acting on a body are not balanced, the net force causes the body to accelerate.
• Newton’s Third Law: Every force has an equal and opposite reaction force.
objective
Without prejudice or bias; or a goal. observation phase
The phase in the movement analysis model in which the instructor identifies body movements and the action of the skis on the snow.
off piste
Terrain that is not on a prepared slope; also refers to an area outside a resort boundary. See also backcountry and sidecountry.
outcome
The performance capability achieved by the end of a teaching-learning segment; the actual lesson outcome may or may not be the original goal and may be different for each student.
outside ski
Considering a turn as part of a circle, the ski that is farthest from the center of the circle is the outside ski of the turn.
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