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KLMNO
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 17, 2010
photo courtesy U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
photo by J. Crocker
Mini Page photo
photo © 2010 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved.
from The Mini Page © 2010 Universal Uclick Great and Important
This ship is pulling into the Soo Locks between Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. (“Sault” is pronounced “soo.” It means waterfall.)
These locks make it possible for ships to travel between Lake Superior and Lake Huron. Without the locks, ships would meet rapids in the St. Marys River and a drop of 21 feet.
Canals and locks Early ships traveling the Great
Lakes had trouble moving between them. Rivers were too narrow or shallow, and waterfalls made passage dangerous. People began to build canals and
locks, machines that raise and lower ships between different levels of water. For instance, if a boat is going from
a river into a lake and the river is higher than the lake, the boat will steer into a lock. The lock will slowly release water until the boat is at the lake level, and then the boat will exit the other side. TheWelland Canal runs between
Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. By traveling on this canal, ships can avoid Niagara Falls.
The Mini Page thanks Dr. Anders Andren and Moira Harrington with the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute for help with this issue.
Next week, The Mini Page is about Halloween.
Large cities have grown up along the lakes, including Chicago (above, along Lake Michigan), Milwaukee, Cleveland and Toronto, Ontario.
The Mini Page Staff Betty Debnam - Founding Editor and Editor at Large Lisa Tarry - Managing Editor Lucy Lien - Associate Editor Wendy Daley - Artist Important for people
Today, more than 35 million Americans and Canadians depend on the lakes for drinking water and jobs. The lakes contain 6 quadrillion gallons of freshwater.
6 quadrillion = 6,000,000,000,000,000
People in the area work in the fishery industry, mining and tourism. More than 170 different species of fish live in the Great Lakes system, including salmon, whitefish and walleye.
Dangerous waters The lakes are very important
in transporting iron ore and grain across the northern United States and to the Atlantic Ocean for shipment to Europe and Africa. Because the lakes are so big, they
can also be dangerous. Big storms cause trouble for ships, especially during the fall months. The Great Lakes are famous for some terrible shipwrecks. The most recent major shipwreck
on the Great Lakes was on Nov. 10, 1975. The S.S. Edmund Fitzgerald was hauling taconite (TACK-oh- nite), a type of iron, from Superior, Wis., to Detroit. A terrible storm hit Lake Superior that afternoon and evening, and the Edmund Fitzgerald sank with 29 crew members on board.
Lighthouses
Today, ship crews have GPS and advanced radar systems to help them navigate. But before these technologies, they used lighthouses to help figure out where they were and how close to land the ship was. Many historical lighthouses still stand along the coasts of the lakes.
The Split Rock Lighthouse on Lake Superior has been retired. But it is lighted once a year, on Nov. 10, in honor of the sinking of the EdmundFitzgerald.
from The Mini Page © 2010 Universal Uclick from The Mini Page © 2010 Universal Uclick TM Supersport:WesWelker
Height: 5-9 Birthdate: 5-1-81 Weight: 185 Hometown: Oklahoma City, Okla. Wes Welker isn’t as tall as most NFL receivers, but he sure
can catch the ball. While pro teams once overlooked the 5-9 veteran, everybody notices him now. Since joining New England in 2007, Welker has caught 21
grabs passes. That’s what he did in college at Texas Tech, where he set school records for receiving and punt returns, and also earned a degree in management. Away from the game, Welker sponsors a football camp in his hometown
for at-risk youth. He has visited children in Make-A-Wish programs and spoken at D.A.R.E. events. In short, he’s a receiver who gives back.
A two-time Pro Bowl selection, Welker runs good routes, gets open and
346 passes in the past three seasons: 11 (in 2007), 11 (in 2008) and 123 (in 2009).
TM
All the following jokes have something in common. Can you guess the common theme or category?
Leslie: What is the spookiest lake? Leo: Lake Erie!
Laura: Which lake is the most arrogant? Lisa: Lake Superior!
Lindsay: How do the Great Lakes say goodbye?
Lori: They wave!
Mini Spy . . . • bowl
TM
Mini Spy and Basset Brown enjoy fishing on the Great Lakes. See if you can find: • elephant head • man’ face • carrot • wolf
s • bird • number 6 • letter B • ladder
• fish hook • mug • squirrel • cougar • snake • dragon • moose • heart • envelope • needle
• word MINI • fish
Rookie Cookie’s Recipe You’ll No-Bake Pudding Cake
TM
• 1 (1-ounce) package vanilla instant pudding mix (sugar-free/fat-free optional) •11/2 cups low-fat milk (1/2 cup less than package directions for thicker pudding) • 1 (8-ounce) tub light whipped topping, thawed • 1 cup ready-to-spread chocolate frosting
•131/2 graham cracker squares (cinnamon or regular) need:
What to do: 1. Line an 8-by-8-inch baking pan with 41/2 graham cracker squares. 2. Make pudding according to package directions, whisking in milk. Stir tub of whipped topping into pudding.
3. Spread half of pudding mixture on top of graham crackers. 4. Layer second layer of 41/2 graham cracker squares. 5. Spread remaining pudding mixture over second layer of graham crackers. 6. Place third layer of 41/2 graham cracker
7. Spread 1 cup of chocolate frosting on top. 8. Refrigerate for 3 hours. Cut into squares to serve. Makes 9 servings.
squares. You will need an adult’s help with this recipe. from The Mini Page © 2010 Universal Uclick
Meet Victoria Justice Victoria Justice stars as Tori Vega in the
new Nickelodeon TV series “Victorious.” She also stars in the Nickelodeon TV movie “The Boy Who Cried Werewolf,” which will air on Oct. 22. She has acted in several TV shows, including “Zoey 101,” “iCarly” and “True Jackson, VP.” She has appeared in the
Nickelodeon series “The Troop.” She also acted, sang and danced in the Nickelodeon TV movie “Spectacular!” Victoria, 17, was born in Hollywood, Fla. Her family later moved
to Hollywood, Calif. She appeared in a commercial when she was 8. She began going to a school for performing arts when she was 11. She has also modeled. She loves to swim and has a dog named Sophie.
from The Mini Page © 2010 Universal Uclick from The Mini Page © 2010 Universal Uclick
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