MANUAL THERAPY

further research with the primary aim being to identify the spe- cific physiological effects of the techniques eg. oscillation, pump and stretch techniques, on the various injury processes eg. tissue repair, lymph and blood flow, mechanotransduction and long term tissue elongation. In the meantime this offers us a new skill through which to apply manual therapy.

THE AUTHOR Prof Lederman is the director of the Centre for professional development in Osteopathy and Manual Therapy in the UK and visiting professor at Unitech Osteopathic College, New Zealand. He graduated from the British School of Osteopathy and completed his PhD at King’s College, where he researched the neurophysiology of manual therapy. He also researched and developed Osteopathic Harmonic Technique and is involved in research examining the physiological effects of manual therapy and the development of Osteopathic Neuromuscular’ Re-abilitation’.

RECOMMENDED READING

Harmonic Technique by Eyal Lederman. Churchill Livingstone 2000. ISBN 0443061602

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Liam and T.K. Dobler, Editors.

Elsevier, Urban & Fischer 2005; Munchen:120-146 6. Lederman E. The Science and Practice of Manual Therapy. Elsevier 2005. ISBN 0443074321 7. Gelberman RH et al. The influence of protected passive mobilization on the healing of flexor tendons: a biochemical and microangiographic study. Hand 1981;13(2):120-128 8. Strickland J W. Digital function following flexor tendon repair in zone 2: a comparison of immobilization and controlled passive motion tech- niques. Journal of Hand Surgery 1980;5(6):537-543 9. Takai S. The effect of frequency and duration of controlled passive mobilization on tendon healing. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 1991; 9(5):705-713 10. Vailas A, Matthes RD, Gart M. Physical activity and its influence on the repair process of medial collateral ligament. Connective Tissue Research 1981;9:25-31 11. Woo SL et al. The importance of controlled passive mobilization on flexor tendon healing. A biomechanical study. Acta Orthopaedica

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Scandinavica 1981;52(6):615-622 12. Pneumaticos SG et al. The effects of early mobilization in the healing of achilles tendon repair. Foot and Ankle International 2000;21(7): 551-557 13. Gelberman RH, WS, Lothringer K, Akeson WH, Amiel D. Effects of early intermittent passive mobilization on healing canine flexor tendons. Journal of Hand Surgery [Am] 1982;7(2):170-175 14. Fronek J, F.C., Amiel D, Woo S L-Y, Coutts R D, Akeson W H, The effect of intermittent passive motion (IMP) in the healing of medial collateral ligament. Proceedings of the Orthopaedic Research Society 1983; 8:(31) 15. Loitz BJ et al. Effects of short-term immobilization versus continuous passive motion on the biomechanical and biochemical properties of the rabbit tendon. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1989(244):265-271 16. Johnson DP. The effect of continuous passive motion on wound-heal- ing and joint mobility after knee arthroplasty. Journal of bone and joint surgery (Am) 1990;72(3):421-426 17. van Royen BJ et al. A comparison of the effects of immobilization and continuous passive motion on surgical wound healing in mature rabbits. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 1986;78(3):360-368 18. McCarthy MR et al. The effects of immediate continuous passive motion on pain during the inflammatory phase of soft tissue healing following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 1993;17(2):96-101 19. Raab MG et al. Early results of continuous passive motion after rotator cuff repair: a prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled study. American Journal of Orthopedics 1996;25(3):214-220 20. Simkin PA et al. Continuous passive motion for osteoarthritis of the hip: a pilot study. Journal of Rheumatology 1999;26(9):1987-1991 21. Williams JM et al. Continuous passive motion stimulates repair of rab- bit knee articular cartilage after matrix proteoglycan loss. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research;1994(304):252-262 22. Greene WB. Use of continuous passive slow motion in the postopera- tive rehabilitation of difficult pediatric knee and elbow problems. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 1983;3(4):419-423 23. Gelberman RH et al., The effects of mobilization on the vasculariza- tion of healing flexor tendons in dogs. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research 1980(153):283-289 24. Dhert WJ et al. Effects of immobilization and continuous passive motion on postoperative muscle atrophy in mature rabbits. Canadian J ournal of Surgery 1988;31(3):185-188 25. Levick JR. Synovial fluid and trans-synovial flow in stationary and moving normal joints. Joint loading: biology and health of articular structures, ed. HJ Helminen, I Kivaranki and M Tammi. Bristol 1987;John Wright: 149-186 26. O’Driscoll SW and Giori NJ. Continuous passive motion (CPM): theory and principles of clinical application. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 2000;37(2):179-188 27. Skyhar MJ et al. Nutrition of the anterior cruciate ligament. Effects of continuous passive motion. American Journal of Sports Medicine 1985; 13(6):415-418 28. O’Driscoll SW, A. Kumar and RB Salter. The effect of continuous passive motion on the clearance of a hemarthrosis from a synovial joint. An experimental investigation in the rabbit. Clinical Orthopopaedics Related Research 1983;(176):305-311 29. Korcok M. Motion, not immobility, advocated for healing synovial joints. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1981;246(18): 2005-2006

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