44 Water / Wastewater Accurate, Automatic and Direct BOD Measurement
The Lovibond sensor system BD 600, from Tintometer, is a 6 sample system that allows precise measurements of BOD based on the manometric principle. Manometric respirometers relate oxygen uptake to the change in pressure caused by oxygen consumption while maintaining a constant volume. Thanks to the modern integral pressure sensors, it is no longer necessary to use mercury for pressure measurements.
The BOD values are stored automatically in the sensor memory in regulary intervals and can be called up with remote control on the large-format display at any time without the need for time-consuming conversion using factors. This means that test series that end on a Sunday can be evaluated during the following week without any problem. Measurement series can be stored on USB stick/SD card or transfered via USB cable to evaluate the datas on a computer.
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Muni Water Systems & Industrial Wastewater Treatment Engineers responsible for municipal or industrial water storage, disinfection or effluent treatment systems will find the FlexSwitch®
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FLT93 Flow Switch from Fluid Components International (FCI) reduces pump repair and extends pump life by detecting dry running conditions.
Municipal water and industrial wastewater treatment systems depend on pumps to move water through storage, disinfection, effluent treatment and delivery. Pumps are expensive to operate and costly to maintain--especially when dry running conditions suddenly occur due to system variable demand, leaks, clogs or other problems that can end up damaging pump seals or bearings. The result can be emergency shutdowns, expensive service interruptions and major pump repairs, overhauls or even full replacement.
FCI’s dual alarm FLT93 Flow Switch reliably monitors the flow and temperature of liquids, gases, slurries and more. It is ideal for pump wet/dry detection, where sudden, unexpected reductions in media flow rates may leave pumps vulnerable to over-heating conditions.
The FLT93 Flow Switch, with its no moving parts design, offers a highly robust scheme for pump protection with its dual alarm capability. With Alarm 1, the switch will detect a low flow situation anywhere between 0.01 and 3 feet per second FPS (0.003 to 0.9 meters per second MPS). This low flow alarm can be regarded as a pre-warning signal for the control system or operator. The system or operator can then decide to keep the pump running or to shut it down.
If an Alarm 2 occurs because the feed line to the pump is running dry, this condition would be an emergency signal to shut down the pump immediately because the bearings now see gas instead of a liquid as a heat transfer media. In such situations, the temperature of the bearings may rise very fast. Using a flow switch prevents permanent damage to the pump’s bearings that will require an overhaul of the pump before more damage occurs.
The advanced FLT93 Flow Switch is a dual-function instrument that indicates both flow and temperature, and/or level sensing in a single device. Dual 6A relay outputs are standard and are assignable to flow, level or temperature. The FLT93 Switch can be specified in either insertion or inline styles for pipe or tube installation.
The FLT93 Switch is hydrostatically proof pressure tested to 3500 psig [240 bar (g)] at 70°F (21°C). De-rated with temperature, the maximum operation service recommended is 2350 psig [162 bar (g)] at 500°F (260°C). Higher ratings are available with special construction and test certification. Agency approvals include: FM, ATEX, CSA, CRN and CE.
Highly dependable, FCI’s versatile FLT93 Switches are ideal for applications in many demanding process industries. They also used extensively chemical processing, food/beverage, mining/milling, oil/gas, pulp/paper, pharmaceutical and more.
Fluid Components International is a global company committed to meeting the needs of its customers through innovative solutions to the most challenging requirements for sensing, measuring and controlling flow, level and temperature of air, gases, and liquids.
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41996pr@reply-direct.com 34705pr@reply-direct.com Flow Switch Protects Pumps From Dry Running Conditions In
Sample Preparation Protocol Speeds Determination of Water Toxins
Genevac has published an informative customer article that reviews the development of a new sample preparation method
using its EZ-2 centrifugal evaporator to help simplify and accelerate
the detection and quantitation of algal toxins in surface water.
Due to a warming global environment there has been a rise in occurrences of cyanobacteria blooms in lakes which can generate cyanotoxins. With surface water a major source of drinking water, the presence of cyano bacterial blooms pose a potential threat to human health.
Using Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) researchers have been able to improve the analytical method for determining cyanotoxins with improved analyte separation, sensitivity and increased speed of analysis. Unfortunately though, the commonly used solid-phase extraction (SPE) sample preparation technique for UPLC determination of cyanotoxins in surface water is very time consuming.
The article describes how direct solvent evaporation using a Genevac EZ-2 evaporator was evaluated and proven as an effective technique for reducing the lengthy sample preparation process and improving the efficiency of the UPLC analytical method. To download a copy of the ‘Detection and Quantification of Algal Toxins in Surface Water’ article please visit the Genevac website.
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The EZ-2 centrifugal evaporator from Genevac uniquely combines high performance, versatility, ease-of-use and affordability making it the perfect workhorse system for environmental laboratories. The EZ-2 is designed to efficiently concentrate or completely dry samples. It is compatible with a wide selection of sample holders, enabling evaporation from common sample container formats including round-bottom flasks, tubes vials and microplates. Operating the EZ-2 is highly intuitive: just load your samples, select maximum safe temperature for samples, select solvent type and hit start. Offering unattended operation through a suite of pre-programmed methods, the compact evaporator requires no user training, even a beginner can competently use the system within 5 minutes.
7662ad@reply-direct.com IET March / April 2017
www.envirotech-online.com
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