2


Journal of Paleontology 90(1):1–9


the early Paleozoic (McKenzie et al., 2011). Deposition on the North China Platform initiated during the Cambrian Series 2 and lasted until the Middle Ordovician (Meng et al., 1997; Kwon et al., 2006). Shandong Province, China, was located in the


Figure 1. Occurrence of reef-building sponges and non-reef-building anthaspidellid sponges during the Cambrian Series 3–Furongian. Light gray lines: non-reef-building anthaspidellid sponges; dark gray lines: metazoan-microbial reefs not constructed by anthaspidellid sponges; black lines: reefs constructed by anthaspidellid sponges. (1) Rankenella mors, Tindall Limestone (Daly Basin) and Thorntonia Limestone (southern Georgina Basin), and Angulocellularia-Taninia-R. mors reef, Ranken Limestone (Undilla Sub-Basin, Georgina Basin), Australia (Kruse, 1983, 1996; Kruse and Reitner, 2014). (2) Unidentified anthaspidellid sponge, La Laza Formation (San Juan), Argentina (Beresi and Rigby, 1994). (3) Kordephyton-Jawnya gurumal-Wagima galbanyin reef, Tindall Limestone, Daly Basin, Australia (Kruse, 1996; Kruse and Reitner, 2014). (4) Orlinocyathus- Epiphyton reef, Dedebulak Formation, Kyrgyzstan (Vologdin, 1962). (5) Fieldospongia, Burgess Shale Formation, British Columbia, Canada (Rigby, 1986). (6) Capsospongia, Burgess Shale Formation, British Columbia, Canada (Rigby, 1986). (7) Epiphyton-Rankenella zhangxianensis-Cambroctoconus orientalis reef, Zhangxia Formation, Shandong Province, China (Woo, 2009; Park et al., 2011; this study). (8) Siliceous sponge-Epiphyton reef, Daegi Formation, Taebaeksan Basin, Korea (Hong et al., 2012). (9) Rankenella hamdii and R. hamdii-Girvanella reef,Mila Formation, Iran (Hamdi et al., 1995; Kruse and Zhuravlev, 2008). (10) Gallatinospongia conica-dendrolite reef, Bonanza King Formation, Nevada and California, USA (Shapiro and Rigby, 2004). (11) Gallatinospongia conica, Gallatin Formation, Wyoming, USA (Okulitch and Bell, 1955). (12) Siliceous sponge-microbial reef, Chaomidian Formation, Shandong Province, China (Lee et al., 2014a). (13) Wilbernicyathus donegani- Girvanella-Tarthinia reef, Wilberns Formation, Texas, USA (Johns et al., 2007). (14) Wilbernicyathus donegani-Girvanella-Tarthinia reef, Dotsero Formation, Colorado, USA (Johns et al., 2007). (15) Anthaspidellid sponge-microbial reef, Desert Valley Formation, Nevada, USA (Mrozek et al., 2003; Dattilo et al., 2004).


has been performed yet. This study contributes to an understanding of the recovery of reef-building metazoans after the end-Cambrian Series 2 extinction and diversification of early anthaspidellid sponges within reefs.


Geological setting


The North China Platform, an extensive epeiric platform, formed on a stable craton of Sino-Korean Block (Meng et al., 1997). The block was located near or at the margin of Gondwana during


Figure 2. Geological setting and stratigraphy. (1) Location map of the outcrops. BQZ: Beiquanzi section (36°28'47"N, 116°55'28"E), JLS: Jiulongshan section (36°04'48"N, 117°44'51"E). (2) Detailed sedimentological log of the Zhangxia Formation in Beiquanzi (BQZ) and Jiulongshan (JLS) sections. Samples in this study are from the shaded interval in the basal part of BQZ section. S = Shale, M = Lime mudstone, W = Wackestone, P = Packstone, G = Grainstone, C = Conglomerate, T = Thrombolite, D = Dendrolite, E = Epiphyton framestone.


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