| LITERATURE REVIEW | PEER-REVIEW treatment of choice if a serious bone fracture has been
ruled out. Drilling a hole into the nail is a generally accepted treatment; however, this can also easily be done without pain using a CO2
or Er: YAG laser 39 . Ungual tumours often pose therapeutic problems.
Laser treatments with a lower risk of permanent postoperative nail dystrophy appear to be tempting. A subungual haemangioma was successfully treated with a PDL using its selective action of haemoglobin 40
.
Pyogenic granuloma, which in fact is an eruptive angioma, can be treated effectively with a PDL 39
.
Granulation tissue from ingrown and pincer nails also promptly reacts to PDL 42
with a CO2 removed with a CO2 . , but can also be vapourised
laser. Multiple periungual fibromas are easily laser with good cosmetic results 43
Human papillomavirus induced warts are rapidly vapourised or carbonised with a CO2
laser 43–47 but can
also be necrotised with a Nd: YAG laser, whereas the PDL aims at coagulating the blood-filled dilated capillaries in the papillae of the warts 48
were vapourised with the CO2 recurred 49
. Digital myxoid pseudocysts laser, but one third
. Laser vapourisation was also used to remove peri and subungual BowenÕs disease. References
1. Anderson RR, Parrish JA. Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation. Science 1983; 220 (4596): 524–27
2. Rothmund G, Sattler EC, Kaestle R et al. Confocal laser scanning microscopy as a new valuable tool in the diagnosis of onychomycosis - comparison of six diagnostic methods. Mycoses 2012 Apr 23. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02198.x. [Epub ahead of print]
3. Hegyi J, Hegyi V, Messer G, Arenberger P, Ruzicka T, Berking C. Confocal laser-scanning capillaroscopy: a novel approach to the analysis of skin capillaries in vivo. Skin Res Technol 2009; 15: 476–81
4. Sattler E, Kaestle R, Rothmund G, Welzel J. Confocal laser scanning microscopy, optical coherence tomography and transonychial water loss for in vivo investigation of nails. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166: 740–46
5. Rosato E, Rossi C, Molinaro I, Giovannetti A, Pisarri S, Salsano F. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging in systemic sclerosis impaired response to cold stimulation involves digits and hand dorsum. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50: 1654–58
6. Mahbub M, Harada N. Review of different quantification methods for the diagnosis of digital vascular abnormalities in hand-arm vibration syndrome. J Occup Health 2011; 53: 241–49
7. Cannas F, Binaghi F. Nailfold capillaroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry during standardised cold challenge to evaluate capillary pattern and digital flow in idiopathic acrocyanosis. Panminerva Med 2002; 44: 123–27
8. Bezemer R, Klijn E, Khalilzada M et al. Validation of near-infrared laser speckle imaging for assessing microvascular (re)perfusion. Microvasc Res 2010; 79: 139–43
9. Pföhler C, Hollemeyer K, Heinzle E et al. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: a new tool in diagnostic investigation of nail disorders? Exp Dermatol 2009; 18: 880–82
10. Erhard M, Hipler UC, Burmester A, Brakhage AA, Wöstemeyer J. Identification of dermatophyte species causing onychomycosis and tinea pedis by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17: 356–61
11. Hosseinimakarem Z, Tavassoli SH. Analysis of human nails by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. J Biomed Opt. 2011; 16: 057002
12. Hamzaoui S, Khleifia R, Jaïdane N, Ben Lakhdar Z. Quantitative analysis of pathological nails using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 26: 79–83
13. Shadman S, Bahreini M, Tavassoli SH. Comparison between elemental composition of human fingernails of healthy and opium addicted subjects by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Appl Opt 2012; 51: 2004–11
14. Rodushkin I, Axelsson MD. Application of double focusing sector field ICP-MS for multielemental characterisation of human hair and nails. Part III. Direct analysis by laser ablation. Sci Total Environ. 2003; 305: 23–39
15. Haneke E. Controversies in the treatment of ingrown nails.
Dermatol Res Pract 2012: 1-12 Article ID 783924, doi:10.1155/2012/783924
16. Apfelberg DB, Rothermel E, Widtfeldt A, Maser MR, Lash H. Preliminary report on use of carbon dioxide laser in podiatry. J Am Podiat Ass 1984; 74: 509–13
17. Leshin B, Whitaker DC. Carbon dioxide laser matricectomy. J Dermatologic Surg Oncol 1988; 14: 608–11
18. Yang KC, Li YT. Treatment of recurrent ingrown great toenail associated with granulation tissue by partial nail avulsion followed by matricectomy with sharpulse carbon dioxide laser. Dermatol Surg 2002; 28: 419–21
19. Ozawa T, Nose K, Harada T, Muraoka M, Ishii M. Partial matricectomy with a CO2 laser for ingrown toenail after nail matrix staining. Dermatol Surg 2005; 31: 302–05
20. Orenstein A, Goldan O, Weissman O et al. A comparison between CO2 laser surgery with and without lateral fold vaporization for ingrowing toenails. J Cosm Laser Ther 2007; 9: 97–100
21. Lane JE, Peterson CM, Ratz JL. Avulsion and partial matricectomy with the carbon dioxide laser for pincer nail deformity. Dermatol Surg 2004; 30: 456–58
22. Borovoy M, Tracy M. Noninvasive CO2 laser fenestration improves treatment of onychomycosis. Clin Laser Monthly 1992; 10: 123–24
23. Vural E, Winfield HL, Shingleton AW, Horn TD, Shafirstein G. The effects of laser irradiation on Trichophyton rubrum growth. Lasers Med Sci 2008; 23: 349–53
24. Hees H, Raulin C, Baumler W. Der Laser in der Behandlung der Onychomykose: eine in-vitro-Pilotstudie. J Dtsch Ges Dermatol 2012; 12: 913–18
25. Ledon JA, Savas J, Franca K, Chacon A, Nouri K. Laser and light therapy for onychomycosis: a systematic review. Lasers Med Sci. 2012 Nov 20. [Epub ahead of print]
26. Zhang RN, Wang DK, Zhuo FL, Duan XH, Zhang XY, Zhao JY. Long-pulse Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser treatment for onychomycosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2012; 125: 3288–91
27. Kozarev J, Vizintin Z. Novel lasertherapy in treatment of onychomycosis. J Laser Health Acad 2010; 2010 (1): 1–9.
28. Kozarev J. ClearSteps – Laser onychomycosis treatment: Assessment of efficacy 12 months after treatment and beyond. J Laser Health Acad 2011; 2011 (1).
29. Hochman LG. Laser treatment of onychomycosis using a novel 0.65-millisecond pulsed Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser. J Cosm Laser Ther 2011; 13: 2–5
30. Messer G, Nguyen M, Kollmann-Hemmerich M, Deusch K. Revolutionizing the treatment of onychomycoses: Diagnostics with optical-coherence-tomography (OCT) and therapy with the PinPoint-Footlaser and antimycotic cream. Kosm Med 2012; 33: 17–81
31. Gupta A, Simpson F. Device-based therapies for onychomycosis treatment. Skin Therapy Lett 2012; 17 (9): 4–9
32. Ledon JA, Savas J, Franca K, Chacon A, Nouri K. Laser and light therapy for onychomycosis: a systematic review. Lasers Med Sci 2012 Nov 20. [Epub ahead of print]
33. Murdan S. Enhancing the nail permeability of topically applied drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5: 1267–82
34. Reinhardt D. Nail perforations in total onychomycosis. 33rd Ann Meeting Int Soc Dermatol Surg, Lucerne, Oct 18–20, 2012
35. Haneke E. Nail psoriasis. In Soung J, Koo B, eds. Psoriasis. Intech, Rijeka 2011 ISBN 978-953-307-878-
36. Fernández-Guarino M, Harto A, Sánchez-Ronco M, García-Morales I, Jaén P. Pulsed dye laser vs. photodynamic therapy in the treatment of refractory nail psoriasis: a comparative pilot study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23: 891–95
37. Oram Y, Karincaoğlu Y, Koyuncu E, Kaharaman F. Pulsed dye laser in the treatment of nail psoriasis. Dermatol Surg 2010; 36: 377–81
38. Treewittayapoom C, Singvahanont P, Chanprapaph K, Haneke E. The effect of different pulse durations in the treatment of nail psoriasis with 595-nm pulsed dye laser: a randomized, double-blind, intrapatient left-to-right study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 66: 807–12
39. Helms A, Brodell RT. Surgical pearl: prompt treatment of subungual hematoma by decompression. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 42: 508–09
40. Poetke M, Berlien HP. Treatment of a subungual hemangioma with flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43: 1135–36
41. Tscharner GG, Hunziker T. Dye laser treatment of periungual pyogenic granuloma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2006; 4: 141–42
42. Miller PK, Levitt J. Treatment of multiple periungual pyogenic granulomata from pincer nails with pulsed dye laser. Dermatol Surg 2011; 37: 1176–79
43. Berlin AL, Billick RC. Use of CO2 laser in the treatment of periungual fibromas associated with tuberous sclerosis. Dermatol Surg 2002; 28: 434–36
44. Street ML, Roenigk
RK.Recalcitrant periungual verrucae: the role of carbon dioxide laser vaporization. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990; 23: 115–20
45. Brauner GJ. Treatment of periungual warts. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 25: 730–31
46. Lim JT, Goh CL. Carbon dioxide laser treatment of periungual and subungual viral warts. Australas J Dermatol 1992; 33: 87–91
47. Yoo KH, Kim BJ, Kim MN. Enhanced efficacy of photodynamic therapy with methyl 5-aminolevulinic acid in recalcitrant periungual warts after ablative carbon dioxide fractional laser: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg 2009; 35: 1927–32
48. Tosti A, Piraccini BM. Warts of the nail unit: surgical and nonsurgical approaches. Dermatol Surg 2001; 27: 235–39
49. Karrer S, Hohenleutner U, Szeimies RM, Landthaler M. Treatment of digital mucous cysts with a carbon dioxide laser. Acta Derm Venereol 1999; 79: 224–25
prime-journal.com | March 2013 ❚
Conclusions Laser applications are now an integral part of the diagnosis and treatment of many systemic and dermatological disorders. Their use for nail conditions is increasing as this literature review has demonstrated. While it may be tempting to use lasers frequently in order to amortise them, alternative treatments may be available at a lower cost. The studies mentioned in this review ® and future studies ® will aid in the education of practitioners of how and when it is most appropriate to use lasers for the treatment of nail conditions.
Declarartion of interest None Figures 1 and 2 ç Haneke and Duhard
95
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140