experiments. Tese processes include methods for design of experiments (DOE), which were initially used for real- world trials. By using them in conjunction with simulation runs, metalcasters were able to get a step closer to a truly optimized casting design. In other words, DOE simulations provide solutions that often are adequate. Te latest development in optimization technology takes
this yet another step further. By using autonomous optimi- zation, simulations today are not only closer to producing an optimized design, they produce the most optimized design possible. Autonomous optimization is available when “good enough” is not good enough.
Shifting Into Today Computer processing speeds have changed dramatically
during the last 10 years, leading to a paradigm shift. In the past, metalcasting personnel were forced to wait for simula-
用的结论来开发工艺。这些工艺包括试验设计方法 （DOE），该方法最初用来指导试验。通过将该方法 和模拟计算相结合，铸造工作者就能够进一步接近真正 的工艺优化。换句话说，试验设计模拟提供了充分的优 化方法。
优化技术最新的发展在此基础上又迈进了一步。通 过采用自动优化技术，今天的模拟不只是较好的工艺， 而是可能提供最优的工艺。当现有较好的方案还有潜力 时，自动优化是可行的。
与时代同步 在过去的十年计算速度大幅度提高，时代变迁。在
Fig. 1. The one-dimensional search (left) is the standard process to optimize a casting process layout. In a design of experiments (center), all parameter combinations are provided at the beginning of the process and are evaluated at the end. In the autonomous optimization (right), process parameter combinations are configured based on previously run simula- tions and undergo a loop to determine the optimal layout.
圖。1。一維搜索（左）是標準的過程，以優化鑄造工藝佈局。在 實驗設計（中心），提供所有的參數組合在開始的過程和結束時進 行評估。在自主優化（右），工藝參數組合配置的基礎上進行模擬 和以前運行一個循環來確定最佳佈局。
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FOUNDRY-PLANET.COM | MODERN CASTING | CHINA FOUNDRY ASSOCIATION Summer 2011
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