TYPES OF EMERGENCIES & EVACUATIONS
The National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB) latest research on emergency evacuations, provide insight into specific factors that affect the outcome of evacuations. They list crewmember training and passenger behavior among the most important factors.
Unfortunately, these studies contain several limitations. First, in many studies, researchers did not examine successful evacuations; and were not able to discuss the type of equipment or procedures that worked well during evacuations. Second, only evacuations following serious accidents were examined and not evacuations arising from incidents. As a result, little is known about incident-related evacuations. These may provide insight into how successful evacuations can be performed and identify safety deficiencies before serious accidents occur.
There are several types of evacuations that can take place depending on conditions.
UNWARRANTED EVACUATIONS
An “unwarranted” emergency evacuation is one in which a crewmember or a passenger initiates an emergency evacuation when no evacuation was necessary.
The consequence of an unwarranted emergency evacuation is the liability it creates to all those involved. Passengers and crewmembers are subject to any number of risks in an “all out” emergency evacuation, including injury and aircraft damage.
To prevent unwarranted emergency evacuations, situational awareness and passenger control are necessary at the highest level.
RAPID DEPLANEMENTS/PRECAUTIONARY EVACUATIONS
A “rapid deplanement” otherwise referred to as a precautionary evacuation, can be either planned or unplanned.
The PIC will command a rapid deplanement of all occupants when an incident occurs. The realized danger and it’s potential outcomes must be weighed against the risks involved in a typical emergency evacuation where injury or property damage can occur. Rapid deplanements are called for in situations like sabotage, hazmat events and security threats.
In a rapid deplanement, the procedure is to use the main entry door, as it is the most familiar to the passengers. Crewmember coordination and effective emergency leadership/passenger handling are vitally important for a successful rapid deplanement.
UNPLANNED EMERGENCY EVACUATIONS
“Unplanned” means those events, which are sudden, and unexpected. Unplanned emergencies are, historically the most common, in the majority of cases happen during landing and are the most dangerous.
• Bird Strike • Gear Failure • Fire
PLANNED EMERGENCY EVACUATIONS
“Planned” means you have time to prepare yourself, the equipment and the passengers. You can also coordinate with other crewmembers prior to the emergency evacuation.
• Gear Problem • Mechanical malfunction • Bomb/Security threat
INFLIGHT EMERGENCIES
Inflight emergencies are generally of the Unplanned category and include, but are not limited to:
• Cabin/cockpit fires • Turbulence • Aircraft systems/mechanical problems • Passenger/crew medical issues • Depressurizations • Terrorism/security issues • Crew incapacitation
Standardized procedures and training are critical. Without procedures and training, an easily controllable event can quickly become uncontrollable, resulting in catastrophe.
Emergency Evacuations 18
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61
