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Executive summary


The challenge of sustainable development offers the opportunity for more effective integration of global and local scenario approaches in environmental assessments and outlooks to support decision-making for all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at all levels (i.e. local, national, regional and global) (established, but incomplete). A bottom-up perspective on the future, which is based on local scenarios and practices offers potential benefits for exploring alternative futures that are grounded in local realities and start with existing practical action that can be appropriately scaled. Linking top-down and bottom-up approaches to multilevel scenario development provides an opportunity for global processes to inform local actions and for taking account of local actions in global agreements. Co-developing approaches with diverse stakeholders will help to overcome the current limitations in scaling innovations up, out and deep, and in transferring valuable lessons and results from local to both regional and global levels, and vice versa {23.1}.


23


The bottom-up approach engages a broad range of scientific and action-oriented knowledge, perspectives and opinions about a desirable world in the future and the ways to get there, including pathways to achieve long-term sustainability goals (e.g. the SDGs) (established, but incomplete). Since there is no single answer to achieving sustainability, having multiple perspectives is essential for defining different desirable futures. Through a combination of crowdsourcing platforms, participatory workshops in different regions of the world, analyses of existing sustainability solutions and an assessment of regional outlooks, novel methods for linking the generic results of global models with complementary information and insight from the local level can be undertaken. The outcome from the implementation of such an innovative framework provides useful and relevant information and knowledge for policymakers and practitioners to make more informed decisions about how to achieve a sustainable future {23.4, 23.6}.


A groundswell of bottom-up efforts to realize the SDGs and other multilateral environmental agreements is currently under way, as are efforts to support and facilitate collaboration among them (established, but incomplete). Reviewing platforms of bottom-up initiatives provides a preliminary understanding of the breadth and depth of ideas, actions and programmes that seek to help achieve sustainable development objectives. The clear majority of the platforms have a global level of coverage, drawing on examples and encouraging connections from all over the world. Most of the platforms facilitate knowledge-sharing and the identification of solutions in two ways. First, this is through the collection of examples, solutions and best practices (e.g. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCCC] Momentum for Change Lighthouse Initiative, PANORAMA Solutions for a Healthy Planet; WOCAT; see Annex 23-1), and, second, by creating forums for sharing technical or regional tools and know-how for on-the-ground activities (e.g. Biofin Knowledge Platform, ClimateTechWiki). Other platforms use contests or crowdsourcing to generate and synthesize solutions to challenging questions (e.g. VertMTL, MIT Climate CoLab). These platforms highlight the importance of involving a wider variety of people to complement government policies and initiatives {23.9}.


546 Outlooks and Pathways to a Healthy Planet with Healthy People


The GEO Regional Assessments highlight important global environmental pressures in the future, but also emphasize regional priorities and solutions that are critical in decision- making processes (well established). GEO-Africa focused on so-called leapfrogging development and emphasized low- carbon, resilient infrastructure for meeting food, energy, water and housing needs while maintaining the continent’s ecological assets. Asia and the Pacific had different regional priorities, including disaster-risk reduction as an important consideration, and smart cities were outlined as potential solutions, given population and urbanization trends. Latin America and the Caribbean focused on decoupling economic growth from the use of natural resources through sustainable management and ecosystem-based resilience. Europe recognized the need for lifestyle and consumption changes to reach sustainability goals. North America did provide a scenario analysis but emphasized technological innovation and the data revolution as mechanisms for achieving sustainable development. West Asia emphasized peace and security and the importance of integrated resource management to manage limited natural resources such as water. While climate change is a driver considered across all the regions, adaptation and mitigation pathways are suggested within framings {23.10}.


Data and knowledge gaps exist in the bottom-up analysis, emphasizing a need to broaden out the participatory approaches across scales (unresolved). The gaps associated with these bottom-up processes can be grouped into four broad categories as follows. (1) Gaps to do with interconnections across regions: connections and inter- dependencies across regions were not highlighted in most Regional Assessments. (2) Gaps to do with cross cutting themes such as gender, equity and inequality are absent in all but the assessments for Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. These are more likely to be addressed through a bottom-up approach. (3) Gaps to do with specific resources: interventions for freshwater and oceans are the least addressed in bottom-up initiatives. The Climate CoLab proposals and initiatives focused on freshwater interventions mostly on WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) and no bottom-up initiatives addressed desalination or ocean regulation. (4) Gaps to do with human well-being: these include solutions predominantly focused on poverty alleviation, while child and maternal health care was addressed by only one Climate CoLab proposal. This highlights an important area for government interventions to target these specific areas {23.9}.


Participatory approaches to identify and assess transformative solutions and envision pathways towards greater sustainability can provide decision makers with a useful landscape of initiatives and concrete synergistic solutions (established, but incomplete). By engaging with stakeholders through global workshops and Climate CoLab, GEO-6 could collect many diverse solutions and visions that can complement, and potentially be fed into, quantitative information in integrated assessment models. These participatory approaches can help to shift the focus of outlooks work from the ‘what’ to the ‘how’. For example, there was a strong emphasis on food systems as critical intervention points to move towards a healthy planet, healthy people. Chapter 22 identifies yield-improvement targets and general


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