the client is obese or extremely thin, or if the caliper is not properly calibrated (ACSM, 2014). Before conducting skinfold measurements, trainers must familiarize themselves with the exact site locations and proper grasping technique.
Given the variability in fat distribution from site to site, it is recommended that multiple sites be analyzed (ACSM, 2014). Most research supports using at least three sites when assessing body fat. The sites are also different between men and women. For men, the Jackson and Pollock three-site skinfold locations are as follows (Jackson & Pollock, 1985): • Chest (Figure 8-1): A diagonal skinfold taken midway between the anterior axillary line (crease of the underarm) and the nipple
• Thigh (Figure 8-2): A vertical skinfold taken on the anterior midline of the thigh between the inguinal crease at the hip and the proximal border of the patella
• Abdominal (Figure 8-3): A vertical skinfold taken 2 cm (~1 inch) to the right of the umbilicus
Figure 8-1
Chest skinfold measurement for men:
Locate the site midway between the anterior axillary line and the nipple.
Grasp a diagonal fold and pull it away from the muscle.
Figure 8-2
Thigh skinfold measurement for men:
Locate the hip and the knee joints and find the midpoint on the top of the thigh.
Grasp a vertical skinfold and pull it away from the muscle.
Figure 8-3
Abdominal skinfold measurement for men:
Grasp a vertical skinfold one inch to the right of the umbilicus.
