FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENTS: POSTURE, MOVEMENT, CORE, BALANCE, AND FLEXIBILITY
CHAPTER 7
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Figure 7-14 Scapular movements
Elevation
Depression
Adduction (retraction)
Abduction (protraction)
Upward rotation
Medial border of the scapula
Head of the humerus Glenoid fossa
Inferior angle of the scapula
Downward rotation (return to anatomical position)
Figure 7-15 The normal position of the scapulae
APPLY WHAT YOU KNOW
SCAPULAR WINGING AND SCAPULAR PROTRACTION Personal trainers can perform a quick observational assessment to identify scapular winging and scapular protraction. While looking at the client from the posterior view, if the vertebral (medial) and/or inferior angle of the scapulae protrude outward, this indicates an inability of the scapular stabilizers (primarily the rhomboids and serratus anterior) to hold the scapulae in place. Noticeable protrusion of the vertebral (medial) border outward is termed “scapular protraction” (Figure 7-16a), while protrusion of the inferior angle and vertebral (medial) border outward is termed “winged scapulae” (Figure 7-16b).
