FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENTS: POSTURE, MOVEMENT, CORE, BALANCE, AND FLEXIBILITY
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ACE PERSONAL TRAINER MANUAL
in all three planes to note specific “static” asymmetries at the joints (e.g., front to back and left to right). As illustrated in Figure 7-4, the right-angle model implies a state in the frontal plane wherein the two hemispheres are equally divided, and in the sagittal plane wherein the anterior and posterior surfaces appear in balance. The body is in good postural position when the body parts are symmetrically balanced around the body’s line of gravity, which is the intersection of the mid-frontal and mid-sagittal planes and is represented by a plumb line hanging from a fixed point overhead. While this model helps trainers identify postural compensations and potential muscle imbalances, it is important to recognize that limitations exist in using this model.
Figure 7-4 The right-angle rule (frontal and sagittal plane views)
Medial malleolus
Lateral malleolus
a. Frontal plane view (anterior) b. Frontal plane view (posterior) PLUMB LINE INSTRUCTIONS
Using a length of string and an inexpensive weight (e.g., a washer), trainers can create a plumb line that suspends from a ceiling or fixed point to a height 0.5 to 1 inch (1.3 to 2.5 cm) above the floor. It is important to select a location that offers a solid, plain backdrop or a grid pattern with vertical and horizontal lines that offer contrast against the client. When conducting these assessments, the trainer should instruct the client to wear form- fitting athletic-style clothing to expose as many joints and bony landmarks as possible, and have the client remove his or her shoes and socks. The use of adhesive dots placed upon the bony landmarks may assist trainers in identifying postural deviations. The objective of this assessment is to observe the client’s symmetry against the plumb line and the right angles that the weight-bearing joints make relative to the line of gravity. Individuals will consciously or subconsciously attempt to correct posture when they are aware they are being observed. Personal trainers should encourage clients to assume a normal, relaxed posture, and utilize distractions such as casual conversation to encourage this relaxed posture. It is important to remember that while postural assessments provide valuable information, they are only one piece to the movement efficiency puzzle, and thus should not be overemphasized.
