separate audio (sound) and video (picture) components. The aerial on the roof of the house picks up waves from the transmitter. The audio part feeds into an audio ...
≤053 Unit 5 Listening 1
C Listen again and fill in the missing information on each diagram. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each. [Play Track 052 again]
≤054 Unit 5 Listening 2
A Listen to the continuation of the lecture about the human brain. Look at the diagram before you listen. For questions 1–6, match the parts of the brain 1–6 with the parts a–f in the diagram. Write the letters in the space after each number. Voice: OK, we have looked at the top view of the brain and seen how it is divided into lobes. Now, we are going to look at a more complex diagram of the centre of the brain. I will briefly go through some of the important parts that make up the brain, and then talk more about what each does. First of all, you can see that by far the largest part of the brain is the cerebrum, and it is made up of the three lobes we have already talked about. The lobe below, coloured yellow on the diagram here, is the cerebellum. Right in the centre of the brain, here, is the thalamus. The hypothalamus is part of it, but it has a slightly different function. Now, here, running down from the centre of the brain, is the brain stem. It is made up of the midbrain, the pons and the medulla oblongata, and is connected to the spinal cord, which you can see here at the bottom of the diagram. Now, finally, this little gland just to the left of the midbrain – it looks like a little tail – is the pituitary gland. OK, let’s go back and say something about the function of the various parts of the brain. The cerebrum – the largest part, as we have said – has two halves or hemispheres. I will talk more about the difference between the two hemispheres later. The cerebrum is the part of the brain that is really our intelligence. It controls voluntary movement – that is, movement that we are in control of – speaking, for example – but it is also responsible for our emotional thinking and memory. The cerebellum is responsible for fine movement and coordination. It helps us with balance, for example, and to understand where we are ... in relation to space around us. The thalamus, here in the centre, processes what we feel with our body – touch and temperature, for example – and controls how we react to those senses. The hypothalamus has a similar function, but regulates bodily needs such as hunger and thirst, and tells us when we need sleep. Now, at the top of the brainstem is the midbrain. This is a sort of
186 Pathway to IELTS 1
switchboard – a very complex switchboard. It sends messages which help the brain communicate with other parts of the nervous system. The pons, in the middle of the brain stem, here, sends messages from the cerebrum to the cerebellum and spinal cord. The medulla oblongata is here, just above the spinal cord. It regulates essential bodily functions, like breathing and the rate of our heartbeat. The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system and runs down inside the spinal column. It connects the brain to nerves that go to the rest of the body. Now, the pituitary gland – this little gland – has a hugely important function. It releases hormones to the body that regulate all sorts of things – how quickly we grow and the size we grow to, the rate at which we age … It also regulates whether we have a slow or fast metabolism and how we relate to stress. Now, I am going to show you a model of the human brain and I want you to identify ...
Now listen again and for questions 7–14, complete the descriptions. Use ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. [Play Track 054 again]
≤055 Unit 5 Consolidation – Vocabulary
B Listen and mark the main stress on the words in Exercise A above. 1 consider
3 imagination 5 decision
2 prediction 4 concentrate 6 memory
≤056 Unit 5 Exam Practice – Listening
A You will hear someone giving a talk about how mind- mapping can help you think more clearly. Female voice: Good morning. I’m really pleased that so many of you are here. I know you are all busy. In some ways, that is what I’m going to talk about today – managing time, so that you feel more is getting done, that you are achieving more. I’m sure you have all heard something about mind-mapping, but most people I meet don’t really know much about it. Mind- mapping is really a technique that helps you to think more clearly. It improves the way you solve problems and encourages you to solve problems creatively. Mind maps help you to understand the various parts of a topic or subject, and to then see how those parts fit together. The way you write down your ideas on a mind map means that information is easy to retrieve and to review. So, how is mind-mapping different from
conventional note-taking? By conventional note-taking, I mean simply listing points on a page, as you probably do now. Well, mind maps are more two-dimensional – they allow you to see the shape of a topic, and make it easier to see what’s important. Mind maps generally fit
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