Page 45


Bloom’s Taxonomy diagram reproduced from Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook 1, Cognitive domain. Reproduced with kind permission of Pearson Education, Inc., New York, New York.


Page 45


Bloom’s Taxonomy diagram as updated by Anderson and Sosniak, reproduced from Anderson, L. W. & Sosniak, L. A. (1994). Bloom’s taxonomy: A forty-year retrospective. Published and reproduced with kind permission of University of Chicago Press.


Page 61


Table 1: Steps in pre-testing, reproduced from Bachman, L. F. & Palmer, A. S. (1996). Language testing in practice: Designing and developing useful language tests. Published and reproduced with kind permission of Oxford University Press.


Page 72


Figure 2: A reflective EAP assessment research model, adapted from Gibbs, G. (1998). Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. Published and reproduced with kind permission of Oxford Brookes University (Further education unit, OCSLD).


Page 81 Page 82


Text from the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF). © Crown Copyright 2008. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.


Table 1: Features of good assessment for learning, adapted from Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF). © Crown Copyright 2008. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.


Page 94


Table 2: Characteristics of text usefulness, reproduced from Bachman, L. F. & Palmer, A. S. (1996). Language testing in practice: Designing and developing useful language tests. Published and reproduced with kind permission of Oxford University Press.


Page 107


Table 1: Measurement scales, adapted from Brown, J. D. (1998). Understanding research in second language learning: A teacher’s guide to statistics and research design. Published and reproduced with kind permission of Cambridge University Press.


Page 143 Page 163


Text reproduced from Kunnan, A. J. (2003). Test Fairness. European Year of Language Conference. CUP, 2003. 27. Print. © UCLES University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate.


Table 1: Characteristics of standardized tests, adapted from Davies, A., Brown, A., Elder, C., Hill, K., Lumley, T. & McNamara, T. (1999). Dictionary of language testing. Published and reproduced with kind permission of Cambridge University Press.


Pages 164–165 Table 2: Evolution of TOEFL tests, reproduced from ETS. TOEFL program history. Copyright © 2011 Educational Testing Services. All rights reserved. https://www.ets.org/s/toefl/pdf/toefl_ibt_insight_ s1v6.pdf.


Page 165


Text from Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. Published and reproduced with kind permission of Penguin Books Ltd and Random House LLC.


Acknowledgements


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