34


FACIAL SAGGING


Waterless botanical extract enhancement of PPAR-ϒ DNA binding


350% 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% 0%


Negative control (untreated)


0.1%


0.3%


Positive control (rosiglitazone)


Figure 2: Stimulation of PPARγ association with adipogenesis relevant gene promoters using the waterless botanical extract. Pre-adipocyte cells were incubated with increasing amounts of the waterless botanical extract after which nuclear protein fractions were harvested from the cell nuclei. These fractions were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the PPARγ association with the DNA consensus site. Rosiglitazone was used as a positive control (red bar). Untreated cells were used as a negative control (green bar)


Waterless botanical extract stimulation of pre-adipocyte differentiation and fat production


Figure 1: Signature purple coneflower of Echinacea purpurea


the impact of the waterless botanical extract from Echinacea purpurea on the DNA binding capacity of PPARγ to the promoter sequence for the adipogenesis pathway. A pharmacological stimulator of PPARγ association with the promoter called rosiglitazone was included in the experiment as a positive control to compare against.3,4 Pre-adipocytes were left untreated, treated


with rosiglitazone, or treated with the waterless botanical extract at 0.1 or 0.3%. Post-treatment, the nuclear protein fractions were harvested from the cell nuclei that were individually tested for PPARγ binding to the promoter sequence using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As shown in Figure 2, there was a dose-


dependent increase in the amount of PPARγ binding to DNA in response to incubation with the waterless botanical extract that was closely comparable to rosiglitazone. In vitro testing with monolayers of pre-


adipocyte cells continued with an investigation into the capacity of the waterless botanical extract to stimulate their differentiation into actual adipocytes (fat cells). This time, Oil Red O staining (observed as dark


Untreated 0.03%


red) was utilized to visualize the accumulation of fat content in pre-adipocytes treated with increasing levels of the waterless botanical extract, indicative of the transition into professional fat cells.5,6


The cells were further counterstained


with hematoxylin that binds to cell nuclei as a contrasting colour (pale violet). Microscopic imaging revealed a dose-


0.1% 0.3%


Figure 3: Adipocyte differentiation dose-dependently promoted by the waterless botanical extract. Pre-adipocyte cells were incubated with increasing amounts of the waterless botanical extract and subsequently stained using Oil Red O to observe how many of the cells had differentiated into adipocytes. Untreated cells were used as a negative control


PERSONAL CARE MAGAZINE June 2026


dependent increase in adipocyte differentiation with application of the fatty acid alkylamides that was observed through the Oil Red O staining (Figure 3). These findings were further corroborated by morphometric analyses conducted in a subsequent ex vivo study that saw the waterless botanical extract promote both the maturation of large volume adipocytes with corresponding increases in lipid synthesis (data not shown).


Clinical evidence – seeing is believing Finally, a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study was designed to evaluate the plumping efficacy of 3% E. purpurea waterless


www.personalcaremagazine.com


Level of PPAR-ϒ DNA binding


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100