70 Z.‐Y. Sui et al.
TABLE 1 Panthera species mitogenome DNA sequences assessed in this study.
Sequence ID Taxonomy
P. t. sondaica (putative)
Source
Seven sequences of Panthera tigris from Wirdateti et al. (2024) OQ601561.1
NCBI Accession: OQ601561.1
OQ601562.1 OQ629467.1 OQ629468.1 OQ629469.1 OQ629470.1 OQ629471.1
P. t. sondaica (putative)
P. t. sumatrae P. t. sumatrae P. t. sumatrae P. t. sumatrae P. t. sumatrae
P. tigris
NCBI Accession: OQ601562.1
NCBI Accession: OQ629467.1
NCBI Accession: OQ629468.1
NCBI Accession: OQ629469.1
NCBI Accession: OQ629470.1
NCBI Accession: OQ629471.1
24 sequences of Panthera tigris from other studies NC_010642.1
pti183 pti184 pti096 pti105 pti103 pti331 PTV02 PTV17 pti305 pti306 pti307 pti247 pti269 pti272
RUSA06_cap RUSA23_cap RFET0002 RFET0007 pti220 HPS M2
Maza0008 Nobb0004
MH588626.1 NC_010641.1 NC_028302.1 KP001504.1 KP001505.1 NC_022842.1
P. t. sumatrae P. t. sumatrae P. t. sumatrae P. t. tigris P. t. tigris P. t. tigris
P. t. virgata P. t. virgata P. t. corbetti P. t. corbetti P. t. corbetti P. t. jacksoni P. t. jacksoni P. t. jacksoni P. tigris P. tigris
P. t. altaica P. t. altaica
P. t. amoyensis P. t. amoyensis P. t. amoyensis P. t. sondaica P. t. balica
12 sequences of other Panthera species JF720183.1
P. pardus P. pardus P. pardus P. leo P. leo P. leo
P. onca
NCBI Accession: NC_010642.1
Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023) Sun et al. (2023)
NCBI Accession: JF720183.1
NCBI Accession: MH588626.1
NCBI Accession: NC_010641.1
NCBI Accession: NC_028302.1
NCBI Accession: KP001504.1
NCBI Accession: KP001505.1
NCBI Accession: NC_022842.1
Weconstructed amaximum likelihood phylogenetic tree
using IQ-TREE 2.3.0 (Nguyen et al., 2015), with the HKY+G model selected by jModelTest 2.1.10 (Darriba et al., 2012), and we evaluated statistical support based on 10,000 boot- straps. Prima facie, our results (Fig. 1) appear to recapitulate the pattern documented by Wirdateti et al. (2024), in which the clade including OQ601561.1 and OQ601562.1 is an out- group of the tiger mtDNA clade. The clade exhibits an un- usually elongated branch length in comparison to those of all other tiger subspecies. This pattern was not observed in previous studies based on partial (Xue et al., 2015) or full (Sun et al., 2023) mtDNA sequences from Javan tiger speci- mens of known origin, and therefore suggests that the two sequences generated by the authors do not originate from Javan tiger mtDNA. We further evaluated the pairwise genetic distances
(p-distances) amongst the sequences using Biopython 1.83 (Cock et al., 2009). The mean distance amongst the 28 published tiger mtDNA sequences is 5.645 × 10−3 ± SD 2.733 × 10−3 (378 pairwise distance calculations), whereas the mean distance between the putative Javan tiger sequences generated by the authors and the published tiger mtDNA sequences is 0.07353 ± SD 2.872 × 10−3 (56 pairwise distance calculations), which is 13 times greater than the mean between-tiger genetic distance. For comparison, the mean mtDNA genetic distance between a non-tiger Panthera species and a tiger is 0.1049 ± SD 4.854 × 10−3 (336 pairwise distance calculations), which is only slightly greater than the level of genetic distance between the putative Javan tiger and published tiger subspecies. From the perspectives of both phylogenetic pattern and
genetic distance, the two putative Javan tiger sequences gen- erated by the authors exhibit significant disparities from the mtDNAsequences of all tiger subspecies, including the pub- lished Javan tiger mtDNA haplotype (Maza0008; Sun et al., 2023). Such differences cast doubt on the genuine mtDNA origins of the two Javan tiger sequences. It is improbable for these two sequences to have originated from tiger
Oryx, 2025, 59(1), 69–74 © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605324001248
TABLE 1(Cont.) Sequence ID Taxonomy
KM236783.1 KF483864.1 NC_010638.1 MT423723.1 MT423722.1
P. onca P. onca P. uncia P. uncia P. uncia
Source
NCBI Accession: KM236783.1
NCBI Accession: KF483864.1
NCBI Accession: NC_010638.1
NCBI Accession: MT423723.1
NCBI Accession: MT423722.1
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