Alternative livelihoods for shark conservation 23


FIG. 2 A simplified theory of change for the thresher shark conservation intervention, demonstrating the causal link between strategies, activities, results and outcomes. MPA, marine protected area.


TABLE 1 Summary of evidence and direct link to the theory of change (Fig. 2) used in designing our livelihood intervention to support the conservation of the pelagic thresher shark Alopias pelagicus in Alor, Indonesia.


Strategy


Collaborative species management


Results


The provincial government takes pride in incorp- orating the thresher conservation site into the marine protected area


Local leaders take pride & actively participate in thresher protection by developing district & village policies


Reduction of thresher catch


Community outreach & pride


Performance-based alternative livelihoods


Communities are aware of & proud to participate in thresher conservation


A community agreement has been signed, & an institution has been formalized to facilitate the transition in livelihoods


Enhanced capacity of fishers & other community members in the new livelihoods


Fishers sustain economic well-being through alter- native livelihoods


Fishers sustain satisfaction & interest in alternative livelihoods


Evidence


Number of local government members & village re- sidents taking part in policy committee (2018–2022)


Policy documents produced after the engagement (2020–2022)


Enumerator data sheet (2018–2022)


Intensified social pressures from leaders & peers Qualitative perceptions, based on Alternative Livelihood Group meeting notes (2021–2022)


Number of local champions trained (2020–2022) Number of villages & communities reached in out- reach events (2020–2022)


Number of community members signing agreement, based on project documents (2021–2022)


Number of community members partaking in alter- native livelihood trainings, based on report & sign-in sheets (2021–2022)


Fishers are transitioning to alternative livelihoods Number of community members adopting new livelihoods, based on project report (2021–2022)


Per cent increase of income of the new livelihoods, based on income log book (2021–2022)


Qualitative perceptions of livelihoods, based on Alternative Livelihood Group meeting notes (2021–2022)


Oryx, 2025, 59(1), 19–30 © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605324001376


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