52 A. Valenzuela‐Sánchez et al.


FIG. 2 Research publications on Barrio’s frog published since the description of the species in 1970.We searched for publications using Web of Science and Google Scholar with the terms ‘Insuetophrynus’ OR ‘Barrio’sfrog’.We excluded species checklists or reviews that mentioned the species without providing novel information or analyses. The search was performed on 7 August 2023. The full list of articles is in Supplementary Material 1.


FIG. 1 Previously known localities (circles) and new locality record (square) of Barrio’s frog Insuetophrynus acarpicus in southern Chile. The shaded area represents the extent of occurrence of Barrio’s frogs from the species’ IUCN Red List assessment (IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 2018). We extracted geographical coordinates of previously known localities from Contreras et al. (2020), except for Queule, which we obtained from Méndez et al. (2006).


for residential development in nearby native forests, (8) neighbouring exotic tree plantations, and (9) climate change (Rodriguez et al., 2022). Collaborative efforts between private landowners and conservationists have enabled the protection of critical habi- tat for amphibians in the USA (Milmoe, 2008; Symonds, 2008; Kuyper, 2011) and the UK (Pond Conservation, 2012). To succeed, these types of conservation initiatives need to consider the local context, including case-specific factors driving landowner participation and permanence within the programme (Selinske et al., 2015; Valenzuela- Sánchez et al., 2022). A study conducted in the northern portion of the distribution of Barrio’s frog found that landowners (mainly subsistence farmers) would be willing to join a land conservation programme only if this resulted in direct government-related economic incentives (Vásquez


&Marchant, 2021), a mechanism not yet available in Chile. In contrast, semi-structured interviews with people partici- pating in the Ranita de Darwin land conservation pro- gramme showed that most landowners joined the scheme primarily because of their conservation values, and increas- ing their knowledge regarding amphibians was one of the most prevalent landowner expectations of signing up to the programme (Hernández, 2022). Our medium-term goal is to continue targeting this type of audience in Chilean Patagonia, to incorporate additional habitat suit- able for Barrio’s frog in this land conservation network. Amphibian-focused land conservation programmes can


be used not only to engage people in amphibian conserva- tion but also to communicate the importance of amphibians for ecosystemfunctioning and humanwell-being (Valenzuela- Sánchez et al., 2022). We recommend increasing public and stakeholder knowledge about amphibians as a priority in amphibian conservation, as evidence demonstrates that even a modest increase in knowledge can enhance the positive attitudes and behaviours of people towards these animals (Valenzuela-Sánchez et al., 2022). However, public knowledge regarding amphibians is generallypoor (Valenzuela- Sánchez et al., 2022). For instance, prior to their inclusion in the land conservation programme led by Ranita de Darwin, most landowners lacked knowledge regarding the level of diversity and endemism of native amphibians (Hernández, 2022). Partnerships between landowners and conservation- ists can also be used to boost the co-production of knowledge, potentially resulting in scientific insights that are actionable for amphibian conservation (Valenzuela-Sánchez et al., 2022). As part of the Refugio de Ranitas Aldea del Viento monitoring plan we will implement a long-term capture– recapture study of the Barrio’s frog population in this pro- tected area. This study should contribute new knowledge regarding the demography and spatial ecology of this


Oryx, 2025, 59(1), 50–53 © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605324000115


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