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Volume 59 · Number 1 January 2025


1 Conservation in troubled times, N. Dudley, B.A. Mitchell, K.H. Redford, S. Stolton, H.L. Timmins & J.E.M. Watson


4 Briefly 10 Conservation news


Community participation 19


Designing and evaluating alternative livelihoods for shark conservation: a case study on thresher sharks in Alor Island, Indonesia, R.A. Shidqi, D.R. Sari, J. Alopen, Y.M. Bang, I. Arianto, P.N.S. Kopong et al.


31 Return of the Eurasian lynx: using local stakeholder knowledge and experiences to inform lynx conservation in the French Alps, J.S. Alexander, P. Christe & F. Zimmermann


40 Participatory modelling across Kenyan villages facilitates insights into the complexity of human– elephant interactions, L. Von Hagen, S.A. Gray, B.A. Schulte, M. Githiru, H.I. Kiute & C.A. Lepczyk


50 Partnerships between private landowners and conserva- tionists to protect one of the most evolutionarily distinct amphibians, A. Valenzuela-Sánchez, S. Miranda, R. Moreno-Gonzalez, J. Gerding, R.Catrileo, J. Guillemot et al.


Pangolin conservation


54 The Pangolin Universal Notching System: a scale- marking methodology for pangolins, J.M. Martin, J.Y. Buckley, E. Connelly, L. Hywood, L.M. Lacey, R.M. Ruden et al.


61 65


First camera-trap evidence of the Critically Endangered Chinese pangolin Manis pentadactyla in Kavrepalanchok community forests, Nepal, N. Shrestha, S.R. Pandey, S. Shrestha & A. Bashyal


Georeferencing Sunda pangolin Manis javanica records in Singapore, M.K. Aziz, A. O’Dempsey, B.C. Ng, K.V. Balakrishnan, S. Luz, C. Yeong et al.


The Javan tiger


69 No reliable evidence supports the presence of the Javan tiger: data issues related to the DNA analysis of a recent hair sample, Z.-Y. Sui, N. Yamaguchi, Y.-C. Liu, H.-R. Xue, X. Sun, P. Nyhus & S.-J. Luo


75 Reanalysis of sequences of alleged Javan tiger highlights the difficulties in studying big cats and the need for high-throughput sequencing, A. Khan, Y. Yulianto, S.G. Aninta & W. Wirdateti


81


Doing social science with conservation: co-reflexivity on the project model in conservation, V. Schreer, P. Thung, S. Freeman, N.B. Anirudh, G. Campbell-Smith, C. Eghenter & S. Spehar


91 Using decision analysis to develop a framework for nest protection for threatened birds, J.S. Tripovich, T. Walshe, A. Elphinstone, D. Ingwersen, M. Roderick & B.J. Pitcher


101 Human–African buffalo conflict: perceptions of damage, and mitigation strategies, in villages bordering Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania, K.M. Hariohay, E.B. Marandu, E.H. Lyimo & E.S. Bajuta


109 First density estimates of the Endangered Claire’s mouse lemur Microcebus mamiratra and recommendations for its conservation, L.D. Martin, H. Razafimanantsoa, E.S. Nomenjanahary, S. Volampeno & A.M. Behie


119 Distribution and potential habitat of the Vulnerable Himalayan wolf Canis lupus chanco in Bhutan, T. Dhendup, Letro, Tandin & S. Wangdi


123 Half a century of survey data reveal population recovery but persistent threats for the Vulnerable yellow-footed rock-wallaby in Queensland, Australia, J.L. Silcock, I.C. Gynther, A. Horsup, J. Molyneux, T.L. Wattz, R.J. Fairfax et al.


136 Conservation Crisis? Status of jaguars Panthera onca in Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica— CORRIGENDUM, E.R. Olson, Y. Shen, P.J. Matzinger, E.T. Solano Mora, G. Saborío-R. & A. Azofeifa


Cover The pelagic thresher shark is an Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered species primarily threatened by over- fishing. In Alor Island, Indonesia, thresher sharks are a target for small-scale fishing communities, sustaining subsistence live- lihoods and serving as a protein source. But with populations declining, there is a need for conservation measures to reduce shark mortality from fishing whilst also securing the well-being of coastal communities. A multi-faceted effort to reduce the dependence of the island’s communities on this Endangered shark species used a livelihood-based intervention complemented by collaborative species management and community outreach. The cover shows Sahlul, a former thresher shark fisher, releasing a shark after tagging. This was Sahlul’s first experience holding a live thresher shark, and it profoundly changed his perception of the species. For further details, see pp. 19–30. (Photograph © Sarah Lewis)


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