• Hazardous substance within the life cycle of electrical and electronic products
• Nanotechnology and manufactured nanomaterials • Endocrine-disrupting chemicals • Environmentally persistent pharmaceutical pollutants (EPPP)
• Perfluorinated chemicals and the transition to safer alternatives
• Highly hazardous pesticides The fourth session of the ICCM, in 2015 endorsed “Overall Orientation and Guidance” for achieving the 2020 Goal as a voluntary tool that sets out action points and will assist in the prioritization of SAICM implementation efforts towards 2020 (SAICM 2015).
Six core activity areas were identified towards the achievement of the overall 2020 goal, namely:
1. Enhance the responsibility of stakeholders 2. Establish and strengthen national legislative and regulatory frameworks for chemicals and waste
3. Mainstream the sound management of chemicals and waste in the sustainable development agenda
4. Increase risk reduction and information sharing efforts on emerging policy issues
5. Promote information access 6. Assess progress towards the 2020 goal of minimizing the adverse effects of chemicals on human health and the environment
ICCM4 urged all stakeholders to take concerted steps to implement the “Overall Orientation and Guidance”, including the 11 basic elements identified therein. The 11 basic elements that have been recognized as critical at national and regional levels to the attainment of sound chemicals and waste management include:
1. Legal frameworks that address the life cycle of chemicals and waste
2. Relevant enforcement and compliance mechanisms 3. Implementation of chemicals and waste-related multilateral environmental agreements, as well as health, labour and other relevant conventions and voluntary mechanisms
4. Strong institutional frameworks and coordination mechanisms among relevant stakeholders
5. Collection of and systems for the transparent sharing of relevant data and information among all relevant stakeholders using a life cycle approach, such as the implementation of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
6. Industry participation and defined responsibility across the life cycle, including cost recovery policies and systems as well as the incorporation of sound chemicals management into corporate policies and practices
7. Inclusion of the sound management of chemicals and waste in national health, labour, social, environment and economic budgeting processes and development plans
8. Chemicals risk assessment and risk reduction through the use of best practices
9. Strengthened capacity to deal with chemicals accidents, including institutional strengthening for poison centres
10. Monitoring and assessing the impacts of chemicals on health and the environment
11. Development and promotion of environmentally sound and safer alternatives
These activities and elements should support SAICM’s aim to inspire wider stakeholder engagement and enforced and renewed commitment to implementing the Strategic Approach for placing sound management of chemicals and waste at the heart of sustainable development, in the context of the SDGs and beyond 2020. According to SAICM, safe production and sound management of chemicals throughout their lifecycle, including using safer chemical alternatives in products, would alter nothing in the profit line for responsible businesses nor damage business brands. This is based on case studies and experiences.
18: Disrupted food systems in the pan-European region
The development in the western part of the region was dominated by land use change, intensification and consolidation of agricultural systems, including intermittent use of questionable incentives, common agricultural policies and ultimately partial externalisation of its agricultural system through globalisation. Over 40 per cent of food demanded is now imported into Europe whilst 58 per cent
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