formula just given. Mass in slugs is weight in pounds divided by 32.17 (for gravity). When we weigh a body, we do not find out how much
mass or matter there is in the body. If we use a spring scale to weigh an object and then take it to a high altitude, it would become lighter. At return to earth it would be back to its origi- nal heavier weight. The object itself did not change during its trip to a higher altitude, only the pull of the earth’s gravity changed. Material or mass is related to weight, but different. For another explanation, while the object was at altitude,
if we measured its acceleration as we dropped it from the cabin roof to the floor, and performed the same test close to earth, the result would be a slower drop at altitude. The ratio of the acceleration between the two altitudes would be the same as the ratio of the different weights measured at the two different altitudes. Mass tells us the quantity of matter, while weight tells us the gravitational force on the body or object. The kinetic energy is directly proportional to the mass
of the moving object. For example, if their speed is the same, a 2,000-lb. car will impact at half the force as a 4,000-lb. car. Kinetic energy increases as the square of the velocity.
For example, double the speed of a car and the impact force will be increased 4 times. If the speed is increased by 3 times, the impact force will be increased by 9 times. Bullets respond the same way. If two cars are moving at the same speed, the heavy
car will do more damage to an object it hits than would the lighter car. If the cars are of equal weight, the faster car will do more damage than the slower and at a higher rate than expected. Remember that the energy increases as the square of the velocity. Kinetic energy is a result of mass and motion. Potential
energy is static and is possessed by a body when it is in a po- sition where it may descend or fall with the force of gravity. (Old movie fans may be reminded of a piano being lifted to a second story by a frayed rope.) As the total energy is unchanged, an increase in veloc-
ity (kinetic energy) will be accompanied by a decrease in potential energy. For an example, it is similar to a ball rolling on a smooth surface. If the ball rolls downhill, the potential energy due to position is exchanged for the kinetic energy of motion. If there were no friction, the change of potential energy would equal the change in kinetic energy. We all know what acceleration is as it relates to our au-
tomobile. What is good for a worn out jalopy would be poor for a late model sports car. With projectiles the basic idea of acceleration is the same. It is the change in velocity per unit time (acceleration = velocity / time). This equation can be
switched to obtain velocity (velocity = acceleration * time). Acceleration can be either uniform or varying. If it is varied, it can be plotted on a graph as a space-time curve. The slope of the curve at any point will represent the acceleration at that time. Uniform motion is when the velocity is constant and the acceleration is zero. There are mathematical means to calcu- late relations between space, time, velocity, and acceleration. The momentum is nothing more than the product of
its mass and its velocity (mass * velocity = momentum). The velocity in the equation indicates that the object has to be mov-
ing, which is true. Time is also involved. A force is required to obtain the movement and the momentum is the result of the
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www.varminthunter.org Page 83
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