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LIRIOPE


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somewhat cone-shaped; older ones have a more spreading habit. Leaves are lobed, maple- like. Flowers are inconspicuous; fruits are spiny balls that orna- ment trees in winter but must be raked up throughout the year. Good street trees only if given a wide parking strip in which to grow: their surface roots can crack sidewalks and create a nuisance in lawns. The spiny seedpods are hard enough to damage bicycle tires. Effective planted 6–10 ft. apart to form tall screens or groves. Brilliant fall foliage (color is less effective in mildest climates or in mild, late autumns). L. formosana. CHINESE


SWEET GUM. Zones 4–9, 14–24. Native to China. To 40–60 ft. tall, 25 ft. wide. Free-form out- line; sometimes pyramidal, especially when young. Three- to fi ve-lobed leaves are violet- red when expanding, maturing to deep green. Fall color ranges from red in northern part of range to yellow-beige in South- ern California. Leaves drop late, usually in early winter. L. styracifl ua. AMERICAN


SWEET GUM. Zones 3–9, 14–24. Native to eastern U.S. To 60 ft. in gardens; much taller in the wild. Narrow and erect in youth; lower limbs eventually spread to 20–25 ft. Tolerates damp soil; resists oak root fungus. Good- looking all year. Branching pat- tern, furrowed bark, and corky wings on twigs provide winter interest, as do hanging seed- pods—11⁄2-in., spiky spheres reminiscent of tiny medieval maces. On mature trees, seed- pods are profuse enough to cause a litter problem. Five- to seven-lobed leaves are deep green in spring and summer, turning to purple, yel- low, or red in fall. (‘Burgundy’, ‘Festival’, and ‘Palo Alto’ were developed in California and color better there than in the Northwest.) ‘Burgundy’. Deep purple-red


fall color. Foliage hangs on late into winter—or even into early spring if storms are not heavy. ‘Cherokee’. Produces very


few seedpods. Fall color is burgundy red (yellow on trees grown in shade). ‘Emerald Sentinel’. To 30 ft.


tall by 12 ft. wide; pyramidal to columnar. Yellow-orange or orange fall color.


‘Festival’. Narrow, columnar. Light green foliage turns a com- bination of yellow, peach, pink, orange, and red in fall. ‘Gold Dust’. To 45 ft. tall, 30 ft. wide. Green foliage is heavily fl ecked with golden yellow. Pink, yellow, and burgundy fall color. ‘Golden Treasure’. Deep green leaves bordered in gold. In fall, gold rim lightens to pale yellow, then white; green center turns burgundy. ‘Moraine’. This is the most


cold-tolerant Liquidambar. Grows 40 ft. tall, 25 ft. wide, with dark green foliage, a compact habit, and burgundy red fall foliage. ‘Palo Alto’. Orange-red to bright red fall color. ‘Rotundiloba’. Leaves have rounded rather than sharp- pointed lobes. Sets no seed- pods. Fall colors are yellow, red, burgundy, and purple. ‘Slender Silhouette’. Grows 60 ft. tall, 8 ft. wide; orange to burgundy fall color. ‘Variegata’. Green leaves with yellow streaks and splotches. In autumn, the yellow variegation turns pink; green part of leaf becomes red. ‘Worplesdon’. Narrow-lobed


leaves turn orange-red in fall. CARE


Give neutral or slightly acid, well-amended garden soil. Trees branch from the ground up and look most natural that way, but lower limbs can be removed to expose the trunk. To develop a strong central leader on young trees, pinch back side branches. Without proper training in youth, trees can develop weak branch- ing pattern. Mature trees need little or no pruning.


Sweet gums are big, beautiful trees with great fall color. But beware of planting them too close to buildings, drive- ways, or walkways: their vigorous root system can heave the pavement and their large, spiny seedpods can punc- ture bicycle tires.


Liriodendron


tulipifera TULIP TREE


Magnoliaceae DECIDUOUS TREE


ZZONES 2–12, 14–24 FFULL SUN O REGULAR WATER


Liriope LILY TURF


Asparagaceae PERENNIALS


ZZONES VARY BY SPECIES


FPSEXPOSURE VARIES BY SPECIES


O REGULAR WATER


Liriodendron tulipifera


Eastern U.S. native. Fast growth to 60–80 ft., 40 ft. wide; con- siderably larger in the wild. Straight, columnar trunk, with spreading, rising branches that form a tall, pyramidal crown. The leaves look like blunt-tipped maple leaves missing the end lobe. Foliage turns from bright yellow-green to bright yellow in fall, usually even in Southern California. Tulip-shaped, 2-in.- wide spring fl owers are greenish yellow, orange at base—hand- some at close range, but usu- ally too high up to appreciate on the trees. First bloom usually comes on 12–15-year-old trees. Columnar ‘Arnold’ (‘Fastigiata’) grows 25–50 ft. tall and 10– 15 ft. wide; blooms 2 to 3 years after planting. ‘Aureomarginatum’ (‘Majestic Beauty’) grows 40– 60 ft. tall and 15–25 ft. wide, has yellow-edged leaves. ‘Emer- ald City’ grows 55 ft. tall and 25 ft. wide.


Thrives in deep, rich, well-


drained, neutral to slightly acid soil. This tree makes a good large shade or lawn tree, but its wide-spreading network of shal- low, fl eshy roots makes it diffi - cult to garden under. Control scale insects and aphids as necessary. Immune to oak root fungus.


Liriope muscari ‘Pee Dee Gold Ingot’


With grassy leaves and spikes of pretty violet, blue, or white fl owers, these popular and dura- ble Asian plants make attractive groundcovers, borders, and edg- ings along streams and garden pools. They compete well with roots of other plants; try them under bamboo or to cover bare soil at bases of trees or shrubs. Blooms last well in arrange- ments. For a closely related plant that is not quite as cold- hardy, see Ophiopogon. Plants look best from spring


until cold winter weather arrives. Extended freezes make leaves yellow; they take quite a while to recover. Provide fi ltered sun—even full sun in cool-summer regions —to full shade. Plant in well- drained soil; tip burn appears on leaves if soil is waterlogged or contains excess salts. Though plants don’t require heavy feeding, they do become ragged and brown with neglect; cut back shaggy old foliage after new leaves appear. To increase, divide in early spring before new growth starts. Pro- tect from snails and slugs. L. gigantea. GIANT LILY-


TURF. Zones 4–10, 14–24. Grows into a grassy clump 3 ft. high and wide, with spikes of lavender-blue summer fl owers. Metallic blue fruits follow. Takes full shade.


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