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FUCHSIA


329


leaves around the stem. Flower- ing stem carries one to eight 11⁄4-in.-long, deep purple to nearly black bells. F. imperialis. CROWN IMPERIAL. Zones 1–7, 14–17. Native to Europe. Stout stalk to 3 ft. high, clothed with broad, glossy leaves and crowned by a circle of large (2–3 in. long) bells in red, orange, or yellow; a tuft of leaves tops the fl owers. Bulb and plant have musky odor that some people fi nd offensive. Can take full sun in cooler climates. F. meleagris. CHECKERED


LILY, SNAKESHEAD. Zones 1–7, 15–17. Native to damp mead- ows in Europe and Asia; toler- ates occasional fl ooding. One to three distinctive, 2-in. bells top each foot-high stem; purple, pinkish, or white blossoms are boldly checkered and veined with dark reddish purple. Excel- lent in a meadow planting. F. michailovskyi. Zones


2–7, 14–17. From Turkey. Stems to 6 in. high bear one to six 1–11⁄2-in. bells that are purplish brown at base, bright yellow toward tip. F. pallidifl ora. Zones A1– A3; 1–7. From northern China and Siberia. Each 2–3-ft. stem carries one to six 11⁄4-in. bells in pale yellow tinted with green. F. persica ‘Adiyaman’. Zones 2–7, 14–17. Choice vari- ety of a species from western Asia. Stems 2–3 ft. high carry up to 30 deep plum purple, inch-long fl owers on upper half. Plant is hardy and easy to grow, but emerging stems need pro- tection from late frosts in colder regions. Can take full sun in cooler climates.


CARE In fall, plant bulbs on their sides in porous soil with ample humus; handle carefully, as they are prone to injury and subse- quent rot. Set smaller bulbs 3–4 in. deep and 6 in. apart; set largest ones (F. imperialis) 4–5 in. deep, 8–12 in. apart. Bulbs sometimes rest for a year after planting or after blooming, so put in enough for yearly dis- play. All appreciate some winter chill and tend to perform poorly where summers are hot and dry. Reduce watering as foliage dies back in summer. Once the foliage is gone, withhold water from F. bifl ora until fall.


F. meleagris needs moderate to regular water during dormancy; the others require some sum- mer moisture.


Fuchsia Onagraceae


EVERGREEN AND DECIDUOUS SHRUBS


ZZONES VARY BY SPECIES FP FULL SUN OR PARTIAL SHADE O REGULAR WATER


b ATTRACT HUMMINGBIRDS


Fuchsia magellanica molinae


From wet, mountainous areas, mainly in tropical America. Most fuchsias bloom from late spring to fi rst frost, bearing intricate, often multicolored fl owers. They grow best in cool-summer areas with much moisture in atmo- sphere and soil. Plant in-ground fuchsias in full sun in the North- west; give potted ones there and all fuchsias farther south either morning sun or all-day dappled shade. If you live where fog rolls in on summer after- noons, any place in your garden will supply ideal conditions. Where summers are warm, windy, or dry, seek or create favorable exposure protected from wind and hot afternoon sun. A heavy mulch (2–3 in. thick) helps keep soil moist in hot climates.


Fuchsia gall mite has caused serious problems for fuchsia growers primarily in California (see “How to Grow Fuchsias,” page 330). Most hybrid fuch- sias have susceptible parent- age and are prone to infestation, but many species fuchsias are resistant. F. boliviana. Evergreen. Zones 17, 22–24. From South America. Woody, erect growth


to 12 ft. or taller and 8 ft. wide, with softly hairy pale green leaves to 7 in. long. Blooms throughout the year, producing large, dangling clusters of red fl owers with slender tubes to 3 in. long. Pinkish red fruit. May spread by seed in moist gardens. Resistant to fuchsia gall mite. ‘Alba’ has two-tone fl owers in white and pinkish red; its fruit is white. F. campos-portoi. Decidu- ous. Zones 3b–9, 14–24. From Brazil. Similar to F. magellanica and bears very similar blossoms, but has a denser habit and smaller leaves. Infl ated buds with rounded teardrop shape; profuse bloomer. Can be grown as a dense shrub or allowed to clamber up into trees. Resistant to fuchsia gall mite. F. denticulata. Evergreen. Zones 17, 22–24. From Peru and Bolivia. Parent of many mite-resistant hybrids. Grows about 8 ft. tall, 3 ft. wide, with dark green, 2–7-in.-long leaves. Summer and fall fl owers are up to 3 in. long; petals orange-red, sepals and slender fl oral tubes red. Good-size red fruits that follow are edible. Resistant to fuchsia gall mite. Best known hybrid is ‘Fanfare’, which pro- duces strong canes to 10 ft. or longer; excellent trained on trel- lis or as espalier. F. excorticata. NEW ZEA- LAND TREE FUCHSIA. Decidu- ous. Zones 7–9, 15–17, 22–24. Evergreen in frost-free areas. From New Zealand. Grows slowly to about 10 ft. tall and wide in gardens, larger in the wild, with a gnarled, twisted trunk and cinnamon-colored bark that peels attractively. Oval, pointed leaves are mid- green above and silvery beneath. Inch-long springtime fl owers open green and gradually turn dark burgundy, with bright blue pollen. Small red or purple ber- ries are edible. Resistant to fuchsia gall mite. ‘Kiwi Sheen’ has shiny, purple-red leaves with silvery pink undersides. F. fulgens. Evergreen. Zones 15–17, 22–24. From Mexico. To 5 ft. tall and wide, with heart-shaped, light green leaves to about 8 in. long. Blooms from winter into spring, bearing pendent clusters of orange-red fl owers to 3 in. long. Resistant to fuchsia gall mite.


F. × hybrida. HYBRID FUCHSIA. Zones 4–6 (with pro- tection), 15–17, 22–24, H1; can also be grown with some diffi culty in Zones 7–9, 14, 20, 21. Where frosts are light, plants lose their leaves, and tender growth may die. Where freezes are hard, most plants die back to hard wood, some- times to the ground.


The vast majority of fuchsias with showy fl owers fall into this hybrid group, and hundreds of selections are sold in the West. Plant form varies widely, from erect-growing shrubs 3–6 ft. tall and wide to trailing types grown in hanging baskets. Sepals (top parts that fl are back) are white, red, or pink. Corolla (inside part of fl ower) may be almost any color in range of white, blue- violet, purple, pink, red, and shades approaching orange. Flowers range from pea-size to giants as big as a child’s fi st. Some fl owers are single, with just one layer of closely set petals in corolla; some are very double, with many sets of ruf- fl ed petals in corolla. Many hybrids are susceptible to mite damage in California. Mite-resistant selections include ‘Arouet Fils’, ‘Campo Molina’, ‘Campo Thilco’, ‘First Success’, ‘Galfrey Blush’, ‘Grand Harfare’, ‘Hinnerike’, ‘Mendonoma Belle’, ‘Red Fan- ling’, and ‘Strybing’s Peach’. The main concern in the


Northwest is winter protection. Most hybrid fuchsias there are grown in containers and brought into a garage or basement in winter. In-ground fuchsias will have a better chance of survival if planted deeper than normal. Dig hole deep enough that you can place juncture of roots and stems 4–5 in. below soil level; gradually fi ll in soil as plant grows. Most hybrids need the insulation of a thick mulch in winter; mounding a 5–6-in. layer of sawdust over roots is effective. Hardier selections will survive winters unmulched; these include ‘Cardinal’, ‘Jingle Bells’, ‘June Bride’, ‘Mrs. Popple’, ‘Phyllis’, ‘Rufus’, ‘Santa Cruz’, ‘Speciosa’, ‘Surprise’, ‘Tessie’, ‘Voltaire’, ‘Whiteknights Ame- thyst’, and ‘Whiteknights Pearl’. Hybrid fuchsias in all regions —whether in pots or beds— need porous, water-retentive


F


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