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KNIPHOFIA


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masculine name, is a female variety that needs little winter chill and grows well in warmest- winter climates; use ‘Chico Male’ as a pollenizer. Male hardy kiwi varieties can also supply pollen for female fuzzy-skinned kiwis. Start harvesting when the


fi rst fruits just begin to soften or when fruits turn from green- ish brown to fully brown. Let kiwis fi nish ripening off the tree; egg cartons make perfect ripen-


ing/storage containers. Hardy kiwi (A. arguta).


Zones A1–A3; 1–10, 12, 14–24. It is much like fuzzy-skinned kiwi vine in appearance but has smaller fl owers, fruit, and leaves (which are smooth and fuzz- less). The 1–11⁄2-in.-long, fuzz- less fruits are eaten skin and all. Green-fruited female varieties ‘Ananasnaja’, ‘Jumbo’, and ‘Hood River’ need a male variety (may be sold simply as “male”) for pollen. ‘Issai’, also with green fruit, is a self-fruitful vari- ety. A. purpurea and its hybrid ‘Ken’s Red’ produce small red fruit with red fl esh; each needs a pollenizer. Pick when grape-size fruit starts to soften slightly;


taste is the best test of ripeness. Arctic beauty kiwi (A.


kolomikta). Zones A2, A3; 1–9, 14–17. Male plants are ornamental vines grown for their splashy, heart-shaped foli- age (see description under Actinidia kolomikta). Female plants typically have somewhat less colorful leaves than males, but they produce small green fruit a little smaller than hardy kiwi; a male vine must be grow- ing nearby to supply pollen (and A. arguta won’t pollenize A. kolo- mikta). Plants typically grow to 15 ft. or more. Prefers partial shade, especially in hotter cli- mates. ‘September Sun’ has sweet fruit and the best foliage variegation among female varie- ties. Harvest as for hardy kiwi.


CARE


Grow in well-drained soil with regular applications of nitrogen fertilizer. Plants burn in salty or alkaline soils. During dormancy, prune for best form and fruit production. Cut back to one or two main trunks and remove closely parallel or crossing branches. Fruit is borne on shoots from year-old or older wood; cut out shoots that have


Knautia macedonica ‘Mars Midget’


These mid-height perennials are covered with pincushion fl owers in summer. Basal leaves are barely lobed, but those on upper stems are deeply divided. These undemanding meadow plants are at home in cottage gardens, wild gardens, peren- nial borders, and roadside plantings. Cut fl owers are good for fresh or dried arrangements. K. arvensis. BLUE BUTTONS.


From Europe, the Caucasus, and the Mediterranean region. To 1–5 ft. tall, 11⁄2 ft. wide. Blue, 11⁄2-in. fl ower heads in summer. K. macedonica. From cen- tral Europe. To 11⁄2–3 ft. high and as wide. Deep purplish red fl ower heads bloom from early summer to fall. Reseeds man- ageably. ‘Mars Midget’, to 16 in. high, is more upright and has crimson fl owers. Melton Pastels grow 11⁄2–3 ft. or higher, 11⁄2 ft. wide. Flower heads in tones of blue, mauve, pink, rose, salmon-pink, and crimson from late spring to fall.


fruited for 3 years and shorten younger shoots, leaving three to seven buds beyond previous summer’s fruit. In summer, shorten overlong shoots and unwind any shoots twining around main branches. Because male pollenizer’s sole purpose is fl ower production, you can prune it back drastically after bloom.


Kleinia. See Senecio Knautia


Caprifoliaceae PERENNIALS


ZZONES 2–10, 14–24 FFULL SUN O REGULAR WATER


Kniphofi a RED-HOT POKER, TORCH LILY


Asphodelaceae PERENNIALS


ZZONES VARY BY SPECIES FP FULL SUN OR PARTIAL SHADE DOMODERATE TO REGULAR WATER


b


FLOWERS ATTRACT HUMMINGBIRDS


Although these hybrids involve several species, they generally share the narrow leaves and summer bloom season of K. uvaria. A distinct departure is ‘Christmas Cheer’, a hybrid of vigorous species K. rooperi. ‘Alcazar’. Dark, bronzy stems


to 31⁄2 ft., with brick red fl owers that age to pinkish orange. ‘Border Ballet’. Buds are a


Kniphofi a


Flowering stems that look like glowing pokers or torches give this its common names. Each cylindrical or fl ame-shaped infl o- re scence is made up of tubular fl owers packed into tight, over- lapping, often nodding clusters. They rise above dense clumps of grasslike, fi nely toothed foli- age. Blossoms open from bot- tom to top over the course of several days, changing color as they mature. Increasing num- bers of species, mostly from South Africa, are now grown in gardens and hybridized. The old 3-ft.-high forms of K. uvaria in shades of coral orange and yellow have given way to kinds with blooms ranging from coral red through every conceivable shade of orange, peach, and yellow to near-white and light green, on plants varying in size from 11⁄2-ft. dwarfs to 6-ft. giants. K. galpinii. Zones 3–9, 14–24. Native to South Africa. Grows 2–3 ft. high and wide. Narrow, fi brous, grasslike leaves give rise to fl owers that are red at the tip shading to orange; blooms not fl ared at the tip. Blooms early summer to early autumn. Often confused with K. triangularis, whose fl owers are fl ared at the tip. K. hybrids. Zones 2 –9, 14–24, except as noted.


soft, dusty coral pink opening to cream blooms. Stems reach 4–41⁄2 ft. ‘Bressingham Comet’. Stems to 2 ft. high; fl ower clusters are orange with a yellow base. ‘Christmas Cheer’. Zones 19– 24. Brilliant orange buds open to deep gold fl owers on 4–5-ft. stems. Blooms fall through late spring in mild-winter areas, fall until frost elsewhere. Give it room; leaves (to 5 ft. long and 2 in. wide) become lax and collapse on the ground, smoth- ering any plants in their way. Clump increases rapidly to 6–8 ft. or more across. Divide in early summer after fl owering stops. ‘Cobra’. Stems 3–4 ft. tall.


Flower clusters are orange at the top, fading through peach to creamy white at the base. Flamenco. Seed-grown strain that blooms fi rst year in early autumn, in subsequent years in summer. Flower colors range from coral through orange and yellow to creamy white. Stems to 21⁄2 ft. high. ‘Little Maid’. Thin, grassy


leaves and narrow fl ower stems to 2 ft. high. Creamy white blos- soms open from buds in buff- tinted pale yellow. ‘Nancy’s Red’. Zones 4–9, 14–24. To 2 ft. high and wide, with semievergreen, grassy leaves that give rise to coral red fl owers in early to midsummer. ‘Percy’s Pride’. To 4 ft. tall, with green-tinted yellow buds opening cream. ‘Primrose Beauty’. To 3 ft.


high, with blossoms in clear light yellow. ‘Shining Scepter’. Plant sold


in North America under this name is 3 ft. high, with tanger- ine orange fl owers; the English original is 4 ft. tall, with pale yellow buds opening ivory. ‘Toffee Nosed’. Stems to 2 ft.,


with fl ower spikes that are creamy white at the base and tawny orange at the top.


»


K


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