(Leahy 2018).


Did you Know? Land degradation and management


• Some 2.6 billion people are badly affected by land degradation and desertification; more than half of them are women and children (Samandari 2017).


• Current ways of managing land are responsible for about 25 per cent of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, while land degradation is both a cause and a result of poverty and vulnerability (UNCCD 2018).


• Humans have changed at least 70 million km2, or more than 50 per cent of Earth’s ice- free land area (Hooke, Martín-Duque and Pedraza 2012).


• Land and soil degradation currently affect 75 per cent of terrestrial ecosystems and the welfare of more than 3.2 billion people, with huge social and economic costs


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• One-third of the planet's soils are already degraded (FAO 2018). Ten out of fourteen terrestrial habitat types (such as most grasslands and forests) have seen a decrease in vegetation productivity (UNEP 2019a).


• A major species extinction event is unfolding. There was an estimated overall decline of 60 per cent in the world’s vertebrate species populations between 1970 and 2014 (WWF 2018a).


• Extractive industries (such as mining and agriculture) are responsible for 80 per cent of biodiversity loss (UNEP and International Resource Panel 2019).


• As a direct result of drought in 2017, in Kenya alone at least 175,000 children did not attend school (United Nations 2017a).


• About 25 per cent of the global cropland area, with its associated use of water and


other inputs, produces commodities that are exported to land-poor but cash-rich countries (UNCCD 2018).


• As urban areas have expanded, more than 60 per cent of the world’s irrigated cropland is now located near urban areas (Thebo, Dreschel and Lambin 2014; Bren d’Amour et al. 2017).


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