Glossary
Environmental footprint The effect that a person, organization, activity, etc. has on the environment, such as the amount of natural resources used and the amount of harmful emissions.
Ethical Related to moral principles.
Eutrophication Process through which freshwater or marine systems become overloaded with nutrients, leading to increases in plant growth and changes in ecosystem structure and function. Also see hypoxia.
E-waste Electrical and electronic equipment that is no longer considered to be of value and has been disposed of.
Extinction The dying out of a species.
Fast fashion Inexpensive clothing produced rapidly by mass-market retailers to respond to the latest trends.
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Fertilizers Chemical or biological nutrients added to soil or land to increase its fertility.
Food chain A series of organisms, each of which is dependent on the next as a source of food. A food chain can also mean the series of processes by which food is grown or produced, sold and eventually consumed.
Forced displacement Refers to the situations of people who leave or flee their homes due to conflict, violence, persecution and human rights violations.
Fossil fuels Coal, natural gas and petroleum products formed from decayed animals and plants that died millions of years ago.
Fourth Industrial Revolution A fundamental change in the way people live, work and relate to one another, made possible by technological advances that are merging the physical, the digital and the biological. The Second Industrial Revolution (approximately 1870-1914) was a period of rapid industrial development following the first Industrial Revolution. It was characterized by mass
production and the use of electricity. The Third Industrial Revolution was characterized by the beginning of digital technologies.
Freshwater Naturally occurring water which is not salty.
Functional diversity Variability in the things organisms do.
Gender gap Difference in the condition or position of women and men in society. Also see pay gap.
Gender technology gap Refers to deficiencies in women’s and girls’ technological training or women’s under- representation in the technology workforce.
Genetic diversity Variability in organisms’ genetic material, which determines their inherited characteristics.
Global warming The unusually rapid increase in the planet’s average surface temperature over the past century, mainly due to greenhouse gases released by the burning of fossil fuels.
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