Annex 1. Survey Methodologies


6. Chapter 3


To analyse the short-term actions youth is willing to take for the environment (Q19), a word frequency analysis was conducted by environmental systems: air, freshwater, oceans, biodiversity, land and oceans. First a list of frequently appearing phrases was extracted from the answers to Question 19 in each category, on the basis of which the list of actions was refined. This analysis was developed by adopting the text mining in R, utilizing the text mining framework provided by the tm package. The answers were analysed to quantify the occurrence of each action in the refined list. The five most frequently cited actions for each environmental system were extracted and visualized.


To determine whether young people felt they could encourage peers and others around them, responses to Question 20 were analysed in two steps. First the percentage of each response was calculated; then, based on the fact that the majority of respondents (88 per cent) believed they could have an influence, the responses


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were further analysed. In the second step, where young people shared their thoughts on how they could have an influence, cross- tabulating and filtering analysis was performed. Suggestions were filtered and word frequency was checked.


Question 21 focused on the challenges faced by young people. All data were analysed to summarize their feeling about the challenges they face or might face in the future. At the end of this analysis, 14 different categories were identified. For each challenge, an answer among the different responses of the survey was chosen to describe broadly the common feeling of young people.


Question 22 was intended to test respondents’ perceptions of their ability to change current policies and rules in their countries towards sustainability. The question consisted of selections (definitely/probably “yes” or “no”) and descriptions of reasons for the selections. For each selection, the percentage of those responding “yes” or “no” was calculated.


Concerning the corresponding reasons in the open-ended part, a qualitative analysis was used. The reasons for “no” were organized into five categories which indicated the perceived challenges, and these were disaggregated by regions. The same process was used for “yes” responses in regard to perceptions of measures that might be effective towards changing the rules and policies.


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