Clia said its members are “well on the way to full compliance with the sulphur cap”. Broadly, there are three ways of achieving this: switching from heavy fuel to lower-sulphur marine fuel oil, investing in liquefied natural gas (LNG) technology or installing exhaust cleaning systems. There are issues with all three. Switching to marine diesel oil cuts the sulphur content but the fuel still contains many times more pollutants than vehicle diesel, which is polluting enough. Using LNG reduces sulphur emissions almost entirely and can cut nitrogen oxide by 85% compared with HFOs. But the primary component of LNG is methane, an accelerant of global warming. So it addresses the pollution problem but not the climate emergency. There are also limits to LNG infrastructure, with fuelling stations only slowly being established in Europe. Only about 30 ships will be equipped with LNG by 2025. The problem with exhaust cleaning
systems or scrubbers is that they remove sulphur from emissions by dissolving it in seawater which is returned to the ocean as sulphuric acid or held on ship to be disposed at a land site. China, Hong Kong, Singapore and some Caribbean islands have already banned the release of water from scrubbers and there is a call IRU WKHPbWR EH EDQQHG <HW
RI FUXLVH VKLSVbDUH H[SHFWHG WR LQVWDOO WKHP
% of passengers by destination region
14%
W/central Med E Med
N Europe/Baltic Caribbean Canary Islands Other regions
15% 8%
28% 28% 7%
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0 5
+1
FIGURE 31: UK & IRISH OCEAN CRUISE PASSENGERS, 2003-18 2.5
1.5 2
0.5 1
0 17.4% 1.20 0.96
1.03 1.07 0.71
0.68 6.7% 0.67 4.1% 12.4% 1.34 0.75
10.9% 10.6% 0.87
0.94 0.92 5.8% 3.8% 4.8% 0% 1.5% -4.8% 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
RIVER CRUISE MARKET, 2018 % of passengers
FIGURE 32: UK & IRELAND 2.5% 2.5% 11% UK AND IRELAND ocean cruise
numbers passed two million in 2018 (Figure 31). River cruise numbers rose 10% year on year (Figure 32). Seven-night cruises remained most popular, but one in two passengers chose longer durations (Figure 33). Growth in Germany again outpaced the UK (Figure 30)
10%
RIVER CRUISE PASSENGERS
8% FIGURE 33: UK & IRELAND CRUISE MARKET, 2018
% of passengers by cruise duration
-2 +2 36% 21% 20% 7% 6% days days 7% 3%
up to 3 4-6 7 8-13 14 15-20 21-plus days days days
days days Source: Clia UK & Ireland -1 0 0 0
% of passengers by age
0-19
60+ 54%
PASSENGERS
AVERAGE AGE OF
57
7% 20-39 10%
25% 232,000m 11% 25% 5%
Rhine/Moselle Danube
Rhine & Danube Rhone/Seine Douro Other Europe Nile Mekong Other non-Europe
Source: Clia UK & Ireland
0.97 0.97 0.89 0.88 0.91 8.8% 0.95 5.2% 4.3% 2% n/a
-5 0 5
Source: Clia UK & Ireland 0.98 0.9 Total Fly-cruise 1.48 1.53 1.62 1.70 1.70 1.73 1.79 1.64 1.9 1.97 2.01
10 15 20
40-59 29%
Travel Weekly Insight Report 2019-20 23
% change year on year (total)
Passengers (millions)
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52
