2 A


2. make 3. give 4. have


5. accept 6. reject


7. apologize for B


a promise research a mistake an excuse a reason an effort an offer


Speaking: Apologizing


2.3 Real-time speaking Components of apologizing


Previewing vocabulary Study the verbs and nouns below. Which verbs and nouns go together? Some nouns can go with more than one verb. 1. do


Faculty of Language and Linguistics


Activating ideas 1. In Britain, people say sorry a lot. Is it the same in your culture?


2. Read the tutorial assignment on the right. What does culturally determined mean? very strong in some cultures


different in different cultures C


Understanding a model 1. Make a table like the one below in your notebook.


Component British culture


the same in all cultures not related to culture


Tutorial assignment Apologizing is culturally determined (see Cohen and Olshtain [1981]).


Research the topic of apologizing. Be prepared to talk about apologizing in British culture at the next tutorial.


Cohen A. D. & Olshtain E. (1981). Developing a measure of sociocultural competence: the case of apology. Language and Learning 31 (1), 113–34.


Vocabulary box


2. g2.10 Listen to the first part of a tutorial. What did the students research? Complete the first column of the table.


3. g2.11 Listen to each student. What did he/she discover about British culture? Complete the second column of the table.


D Practising a model


Study the extract on the right from a tutorial. 1. Find:


• the area of research • an example • an explanation of the area • the research findings


2. Mark the sense groups in each sentence. 3. Practise saying the sentences.


4. Give four more descriptions from the information in the table you made in Exercise C.


E


Producing a model 1. Make another table like the one in Exercise C for your culture. 2. Talk about one component of apologizing in your culture.


48 Theme 2: Speaking


I looked at excuses. An excuse is a reason for your action. For example, you can say ‘I’m sorry I’m late. The train didn’t come on time.’ In some cultures, it is not polite to give an excuse. It means you are not really sorry for your action. You think that you had a good reason. In British culture, it is good to give a reason. If you don’t give a reason, people may think that you don’t care. And that’s it, really.


Extract from a tutorial


apologizing (n) apparently (adv) care (v) culture (n) emphasis (n) excuse (n) formality (n) linguistics (n pl) offer (n) pleased (adj) promise (n) replace (v) rude (adj) sincere (adj)


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