Table 1- Presence of the different genus in number.
Lactobacillus Shigella
Escherichia
Control 137 938 2700 2 700
CeC
182 205 79
104
Table 2- Intestinal morphology results of the animals at 21 days old (length and weight).
Intestinal weight (g) Duodenum length (cm) Jejunum length (cm) Ileum length (cm)
Control 56.5 1.0
0.75 1.3
CeC 73.1 1.0 1.1 1.3
p-value p>0.05 NS
p>0.05 NS
Table 3- Zootechnical performances of animals at 21 days old.
Live weight (g)
Control CeC
p-value
780.0 794.9
p<0.05
FCR 1-21 (g/g) 1.475 1.467 NS
(mainly E. coli, Clostridium and Salmonella) and do not investigate the impact of the additive on the overall microbiota balance. Consequently, in this study, we investigated the influence of a patented Copper Exchanged Clay on broilers microbiota composition compared to a negative control.
Microbiota modulation To support poultry growth and to ensure a well-balanced and secure microflora during the whole life of the animals, a unique and patented Copper Exchanged Clay named B-Safe has been developed by Wisium. This solution is a combination of copper ions at very low level and a synthetic zeolite having anti-microbial properties and able to specifically target pathogenic bacteria and have a limited action against beneficial bacteria. An in vivo trial was performed in partnership with the University of Rennes in France. For this research, 70 ROSS PM3 broilers were raised in provoked challenging condition with a stocking density of 45.5 birds/m² in a R&D farm from 1 to 21 days old. Half of the animals were supplemented with CeC and half of them belong to a control group (without antibiotics supplementation nor CeC). Growth performances
were monitored and intestine samples from gizzard to caeca were collected at the end of the trial period to do physiological and microbiota analysis. Regarding the microbiota analysis, chicken small intestinal microbiota were analysed using both VAMPS (Visualization and Analysis of Microbial Population Structures) and MG- RAST (Metagenome Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology) online servers. Ecology diversity was observed and taxonomic identification performed. •
CeC decreases the richness (number of bacteria species present in the gut) compared to the control. The control group counted 6 978 bacteria species whereas CeC group counted 5692 bacteria species at 21 days.
•
The microflora diversity was also significantly affected by CeC: microflora profile was strongly reorientated in favour of Firmicutes accounting for 97%, and Proteobacteria (including E. coli) and Actinobacteria nearly disappeared (Figure 1).
Among Firmicute family, CeC samples were enriched in Lacto- bacillus compared to control group, enabled an increase in L. johnsonii, known to inhibit
C.perfringens growth and colonisa- tion by E. coli. L. reuteri, known for bacterial inhibition were not found in control group. Proteobacteria family where Shi- gella and Escherichia can be found were mostly reduced in CeC samples in comparison with control group (Table 1). In- testinal morphology of birds was evaluated through their length and weight. CeC significantly increased small intestine length and weight vs control group. Jejunum was the small in- testine subsection the most impacted (Table 2). In term of zoot- echnical performances, birds supplemented with CeC had a significant higher live weight than control group animals (+1.9%). FCR was numerically improved by -0.5% by CeC sup- plementation demonstrating that CeC, thanks to its action on the modulation of gut microflora, allows a better nutrients ab- sorption and so optimises animals’ performance (Table 3).
Efficient solution Many in vitro trials clearly demonstrate the benefits of CeC against pathogenic bacteria, this in vivo trial confirmed that CeC clearly influences gut morphology and microbiota of broiler chickens by favouring the development of the commensal microflora as Lactobacillus and by controlling the development of the pathogenic microflora as
E.coli. Consequently, zootechnical performances are improved. This solution is backed up by more than 35 trials reports on broilers and demonstrates its benefits on the Average Daily Gain with an average increase by +2.9% and a reduction of the FCR by -1.8%. According to the literature, the reliability of CeC is as good as the one demonstrated with AGPs with the strong advantage that CeC does not involve bacteria resistance. Therefore, CeC is an efficient solution on poultry production, contributing to improve the performance thanks to a better modulation of the microbiota.
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