PHOTO: DARLING INGREDIENTS
PHOTO: RONALD HISSINK
SDPP enables reduction of antibiotics and zinc use
Animals play a significant role in direct and in-direct human exposure to resistant bacteria. Reducing antimicrobial use in human and veterinary medicine is necessary to protect public health. Therapeutic use of ZnO in weaner diets is not a viable alternative. Spray- dried plasma is.
BY LOURENS HERES, DARLING INGREDIENTS T
he number of people dying from infections with resistant bacteria is increasing, a part of these infections come from an animal origin. Looking for example to ESBL, shows the majority of all ESBL
infections can be attributed to human-to-human contact, many can be linked to animal contact (direct and indirect) and from food of animal origin. Antibiotic use in animal sectors also contributes to environmental exposure via manure. Reducing antimicrobial use is a one-health challenge. Human and veterinary medicine must limit the use of antibiotics to a maximum to combat antimicrobial resistance. There should be no need for standard inclusion of antibiotics in feed as a growth promotor or for preventive treatments. To reduce the need to use antibiotics to cure animals or for meta- phylactic use, animals must be healthy and not become sick. Biosecurity is necessary and good feeds and housing conditions are critical to make animals resilient and less prone to antibiotic treatment. Feed can promote health and improve gut and general resistance against disease. Alternative approaches in feed formulation need to go beyond removing antibiotics from the formulation and replacing them with additives that mimic the antibacterial effect. It also encompasses restricting protein contents, providing proteins with good digestibility, proper balancing of nutrients and using ingredients and additives that promote health and improve digestion.
Positive effects of SDPP Spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) is an important bio- functional ingredient that promotes health of young animals. It contains all the proteins of blood, from which the functionality is conserved by the processing methods
18 ▶ ANTIBIOTIC REDUCTION | DECEMBER 2021
applied. SDPP has beneficial effects in pigs, but also in young chickens, shrimp and fish they improve performance and health. Weaning of piglets is an important transition periods in a pig’s live, it is also the phase where most antibiotics are used. During this phase the diet is changing, stress occurs, and often piglets are exposed to a new environment and to new pen mates. This makes it an ideal event for disturbance of the intestinal balance and opportunity for new pathogens to enter. Weaned piglets that are fed diets containing SDPP show performance improvement, which is shown in many studies over the last three decades. A number of these studies is showing the effect of plasma in comparison with in feed antibiotics. Torrallardona et al., 2003 made a comparison where plasma (7%) replaced the use of colistin. Pigs were challenged with E. coli K99 after weaning. The piglets receiving plasma or colistin performed better than the group without treatment. The effect of colistin was numerically a little stronger than plasma. The best performance was seen in the group receiving plasma and the antibiotic. In another study, 6% SDPP and/or 250 mg/kg colistin + 500 mg/kg Amoxycillin was used. Animals were challenged with an E. coli K88 infection at day 4 after weaning. Here SDPP showed a little stronger effect than the antibiotics. And again, an additive effect was shown. The colisitin and amoxycillin used in these two experiments should not be used in feed today but the experiments show that SDPP is then an effective alternative. A study performed at Wageningen University investigated whether a high dose of Zinc could be replaced by SDPP. The results indicate that in week 1-2 post weaning, the effect of ZnO on growth performance was higher than the effect of plasma inclusion, but in the 5-week experimental period, pigs receiving in the first 2 weeks 5% inclusion followed by another 2 weeks with 2.5% and finally in the last week 1% SDPP, performed equally well as the ZnO group and better than the control treatment, whilst other groups receiving lower plasma inclusion or for shorter time having an intermediate performance. Only the ZnO treatment improved the faecal consistency of the pigs. In experimentally infected pigs where plasma replaced pea protein isolate was equally effective in reducing souring scores after an E. coli challenge as 2880 mg/kg Zn as ZnO. Also, in a study under standard Chinese housing and feeding conditions the performance of plasma fed piglets was equiv- alent to a group on antibiotics and zinc in the formulation.
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