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“Right to Repair” Continued from page 6
One early American advertising expert claimed that to keep the economy going, consumers would have to buy an ever-growing va- riety of items, discard them and buy new ones. Now, with internet commu-
nication becoming a feature in nearly every device, the issue grows more complex, as the de- vice’s physical location and other more personal identification is readily available from any place
on the globe. “We see and feel the momen-
tum building,” says Gay Gordon- Byrne, executive director of re-
pair.org. “Legislation is moving not just in the United States, but also around the globe. The time for manufacturers to get on the right side of history is now.” Manufacturers are responsible for the products that they make; legally. But, a clause is like a sieve, there are a thousand ways out. r
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Taking 5G to the Next Level The proposed design facili-
TOKYO, JAPAN — Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) and NEC Corpora- tion have developed a 28 GHz phased-array transceiver that supports efficient and reliable 5G communications. The pro- posed transceiver outperforms previous designs in various re- gards by adapting fast beam switching and leakage cancella- tion mechanism.
Scaled Transceivers With the recent emergence of
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innovative technologies, the world is on the brink of a new age. This has stimulated the use of millimeter-wave bands, which have far greater signal band- width, to accommodate these new ideas. 5G can offer data rates over 10 Gb/s through the use of these millimeter-waves and multiple- in-multiple-out (MIMO) technolo- gy — a technology that employs multiple transmitters and re- ceivers to transfer more data at the same time. Large-scale phased-array
transceivers are crucial for the implementation of these MIMO systems. While MIMO systems boost spectral performance, large-scale phased-array sys- tems face several challenges, such as increased power dissipa- tion and implementation costs. One such critical challenge is la- tency caused by beam switching time. Beam switching is an im- portant feature that enables the selection of the most optimal beam for each terminal. A design that optimizes beam switching time and device cost is, thus, a great tool for the job. Motivated by this, scientists
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from Tokyo Institute of Technol- ogy and NEC Corporation in Japan collaborated to develop a 28 GHz phased-array transceiv- er that supports fast beam switching and high-speed data communication. Their findings will be discussed at the 2021 Symposia on VLSI Technology and Circuits, an international conference that explores emerg- ing trends and innovative con- cepts in semiconductor technolo- gy and circuits.
tates dual-polarized operation, in which data is transmitted simul- taneously through horizontal and vertical-polarized waves. Howev- er, one issue with these systems is cross-polarization leakage, which results in signal degrada- tion, especially in the millimeter- wave band. The research team delved into the issue and devel- oped a solution. Prof. Kenichi Okada, who led the research team, says, “Fortunately, we were able to devise a cross-polarization detection and cancellation meth - od ology, using which we could suppress the leakages in both transmit and receive mode.” One critical feature of the
proposed mechanism is the abili- ty to achieve low-latency beam switching and high-accuracy beam control. Static elements control the building blocks of the mechanism, while on-chip SRAM is used to store the settings for different beams. This mechanism leads to
fast beam switching with ultra- low latency being achieved. It al- so enables fast switching in transmit and receive modes due to the use of separate registers for each mode. Another aspect of the pro-
posed transceiver is its low cost and small size. The transceiver has a bi-directional architecture, which allows for a smaller chip. For a total of 256-pattern
beam settings stored within the on-chip SRAM, a beam switching time of only 4 nanoseconds was achieved. When compared with state-of-the-art 5G phased-array transceivers, the system has a faster beam switching time and excellent MIMO efficiency. Okada is optimistic about
the future of the 28 GHz 5G phased-array transceiver. He concludes, “The technology we developed for the 5G NR network supports high-volume data streaming with low latency. Thanks to its rapid beam switch- ing capabilities, it can be used in scenarios where enhanced multi- user perception is required. Web:
http://www.titech.ac.jp/
english/ r
July, 2021
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