52 Water / Wastewater
Staying Cool: Titan Enterprises Discuss 5 Industrial Applications for Cooling Water Flow Measurement
The terms water meters and fl ow meters can be used interchangeably, but there is a key difference between them. Whilst all water meters are fl ow meters, not all fl ow meters are water meters. Commonly applied in the domestic environment for devices used to determine your water bill, water meters measure the total amount of water that passes through them. Flow meters, on the other hand, measure the volume and fl ow rate of a liquid or gas passing through a pipe. They can be used for water, but also for other fl uids and gases in various industrial applications.
Flow Measurement in Cooling Water Systems
In cooling water systems, water is used to remove heat from an industrial process or air conditioning equipment. Such systems provide cooling for critical processes found in power generation stations, food and beverage process facilities, data centres, hospitals and pharmaceutical production.
Neil Hannay, Senior R&D Engineer with Titan Enterprises, says: “Selecting an appropriate fl ow meter for a cooling water system is just as vital as the operational process itself.” Flow monitoring helps to optimise plant or system effi ciency, save energy, control chemical costs and enhance overall profi tability.
Five Applications for Cooling Liquid Flow Meters
1. Water coolant for glass bottle production Graphoidal Developments design and manufacture advanced lubrication and coating systems for the glass container and tableware industries. Titan’s Industrial Process Atrato®
ultrasonic fl owmeters are installed in the water
lines to monitor the application of the coolant to the shears which are used to cut semi-molten glass in bottle making machines. The accurate application of a lubricant and coolant is critical to the reliability of the whole machine. In addition to the multiple fl ow ranges of this ultrasonic device, in older glass bottle making plants the deposition of rust in the water coolant lines require a robust fl owmeter that is immune to ‘dirty water’ problems. As the Process Atrato® fl owmeter has no moving parts, there are no components to wear out or clog due to inherent rust abrasion and particles.
2. Metering laser coolant fl ow There are numerous applications for industrial and medical lasers: cutting, welding, micro-machining, cosmetic and eye surgery. Lasers generate a signifi cant amount of heat that needs to be quickly and effectively dissipated to ensure stable long-term performance of the instrument. Water circulated through a chiller or heat transfer system is a popular cooling method for lasers. Titan’s 800 series turbine fl owmeters are integrated into several leading industrial and medical laser systems to provide consistent laser cooling through accurate and repeatable water fl ow measurement.
3. Cooling systems for medical treatment applications An innovative liquid-based cooling system by Paxman Coolers Ltd utilises Titan’s NSF-approved mini turbine fl owmeters to monitor the rate of coolant fl ow around the patented cooling cap during chemotherapy treatment. The scalp cooling technology can alleviate the damage caused to the hair follicles by reducing the temperature of the scalp by a few degrees before, during, and after chemotherapy treatment. Titan’s mini turbine fl owmeter is considered ideal for the Scalp Cooling System because it offers an excellent balance of measurement accuracy, long term resistance to coolant fl uids, high reliability and is proven easy to maintain and cost effective.
the world and has been used to study black holes, neutron stars, white dwarfs, exoplanets, active galactic nuclei and the outer regions of our Solar System. The fi ve light sensors used in HiPERCAM are ultra-sensitive charge-coupled devices which require cooling to 183K (-90°C) to minimise noise in the images. This cooling is achieved using very high performance thermo-electric (peltier) coolers, which in turn require a liquid coolant (a water-glycol mixture at +5°C) to remove the heat they extract. Micro bubbles and metallic sludge in the telescope’s coolant supply meant that a fl ow measurement device impervious to these unavoidable characteristics was essential. Titan’s FT2 optical fl ow sensor that uses an LED and photo-diode to measure fl ow was used successfully without being affected by the undesirable properties of the telescope’s cooling fl uid.
5. Measuring Refrigerant Flow Reliable fl ow monitoring of refrigerant liquids is a vital requirement for cooling equipment used in data centre facilities. Refrigerants in cooling systems are widely used by big data centres and electricity production facilities to keep equipment running effi ciently and prevent over-heating. Using steel reinforced polymer components, the low inertia turbines of Titan’s 900 and 1000 Series turbine fl ow sensors are ideal for measuring the low viscosities encountered with volatile refrigerant fl uids measured in liquid form.
Because water can conduct heat about 30 times faster than air, using water or a water-mix as the cooling medium enables a highly effi cient liquid cooling system, vital for electronic systems, medical appliances and highly sensitive instruments.
4. Cooling the world’s most sensitive astronomical camera The world’s largest optical telescope, the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) on the Canary Island of La Palma, is equipped with a powerful astronomical camera built by the University of Sheffi eld, UK. The camera, called HiPERCAM, is the most sensitive astronomical camera in
The bottom line for cooling liquid water systems is for reliable monitoring and ensuring there is adequate fl ow of coolant to the downstream instrument or process, thus mitigating against serious problems caused by over-heating, such as degradation of operational performance, damage to critical equipment and shutdowns.
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and reliable measurements for water and environmental applications The pH value plays a very important role in many industries. PCE Instruments has various pH meters with different pH electrodes in its product range to cover a wide selection of applications. With the new combined pH and redox potential measuring instrument PCE-PH 228, PCE Instruments is launching a precise test instrument on the market that can be used universally and for mobile applications.
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The PCE-PH 228 can not only measure the pH value and temperature of various liquids but also the redox potential in millivolts (mV). The redox measurement is realised using an optional electrode.
This measuring device is versatile and covers many areas of application. Thanks to its high accuracy, the PCE-PH 228 is particularly suitable for laboratory work. One advantage of the meter is that it can be calibrated independently by means of a two-, three-, four- or fi ve-point calibration, depending on the area of application. A special feature of the calibration of the measuring device is that it can be calibrated using a self-selected buffer solution. Another advantage of the PCE-PH 228 is that the device has automatic temperature
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compensation. Thanks to the temperature sensor included in the scope of delivery, the temperature of the medium to be measured is also determined and taken into account directly in the measurement result and does not have to be set manually.
The PCE-PH 228 can also be used to measure the redox potential in the laboratory, in water treatment or in the industrial sector, e.g. in electroplating. Redox measuring devices fulfi l the requirements placed by users on a device for measuring the oxidation or reduction potential of a solution. The measurement range for the redox voltage of the PCE-PH 228 is between -2000 and 2000 mV.
The measurement of the redox potential is dependent on the pH value, which is why the measuring device is a good solution as it combines both measurements. You can switch between the two parameters by simply replacing the sensor.
The PCE-PH 228 is used wherever it is important to monitor water quality, e.g. in swimming pools or water treatment plants. It can also be used in nurseries or in environmental protection applications. Another major advantage of the PCE-PH 228 is that you can create personal user accounts and thus track which measurements were carried out by whom. The pH meter was developed in accordance with GLP in order to fulfi l a wide range of requirements. GLP compliance is ensured by automatic data recording and traceable documentation. The PCE-PH 228 has a resolution that can be set from one to three decimal places. Furthermore, the measured values can be read out and analysed using PCE software.
The high accuracy of ±0.002 pH + 2 digits, graphically guided calibration, GLP compliance, user and sample management and data storage make the PCE-PH 228 an ideal test instrument for scientists, researchers and laboratory technicians who rely on precise pH measurements. It not only improves the accuracy and effi ciency of experiments but also simplifi es everyday work in industry, quality assurance and the laboratory.
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