UK Focus xi A simple and eff ective solution to chlorine generation


Chlorine (Cl2) has always been a diffi cult gas to handle when using traditional gas cylinders. It is very reactive and problematic in terms of accuracy and its erratic shelf life. This has made life diffi cult for personnel working across a wide range of industries, such as in the water treatment sector.


With this in mind, Euro-Gas designed and developed their GazCal Gas Generator, which is now an indispensable tool for people working with chlorine gas. Engineers within the water industry fi nd this rugged, portable and battery-operated tool ideal for testing and calibration, both in the lab and in the plant. The GazCal comes in a robust and compact carrying case and enables rapid testing and calibration with negligible warm-up time. This simple to use device can be operated by anyone! Simply set the necessary PPM level via the unit’s dial-up digital display and it is ready for action. The Gazcal generates Cl2 levels ranging from 0.5 – 20 ppm and is also suited to act as a surrogate for the cross-calibration of O3, ClO2, COCl2, HF and F2.


Euro-Gas have designed the GazCal to overcome the usual problems of a low shelf life. Cell life is only used up when the unit is in operation, whilst traditional cylinders can simply die out after up to 6 months. The generator can therefore last for up to a decade, often without the necessity to change the cell and needing only a yearly recertifi cation of calibration, which can be carried out by Euro-Gas or qualifi ed technicians at the site.


The GazCal cell has a lifetime of 500ppm hours, equating to 100 hours of constant use at a 5ppm concentration level, which enables a minimum of 400 individual calibrations. Operators can see the life span of the generating cell on the unit’s cell life indicator. Once the cell is used up, a new generating cell can be installed easily. Depending on the level of experience that the engineer has with gas detection calibration, regular small gas cylinders will usually only perform around 5 – 10 calibrations per cylinder. The GazCal may initially be more costly than a small cylinder but in the longer term, the generator will be far more economical.


Moreover, gas cylinders only attain one specifi c concentration per cylinder purchased, say for instance 5ppm of Cl2, whereas the GazCal is totally adjustable between the 0.5ppm to 20.0ppm range and in 0.1ppm steps. Therefore, the Gazcal produces many different concentration levels from one device. In addition, low concentrations of Cl2 are effi ciently produced with the GazCal, even 1ppm and 2ppm levels, whereas it is extremely problematic to achieve cylinder stability at low concentration levels.


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email: 51266pr@reply-direct.com New service to identify


unknown chemicals A waste management specialist has introduced a new ground-breaking service to identify unlabelled chemicals, allowing for safe disposal.


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CSG has become the fi rst waste management company in the UK to invest in a handheld Raman spectrometer, helping businesses and organisations which produce chemical wastes to operate safely and meet their legal obligations.


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Previously the only way to identify the contents of an unlabelled chemical container was to open it for sampling and analysis. CSG has invested in a Raman spectrometer which enables accurate, through-barrier identifi cation of hazardous chemicals at customers’ sites, without the need for containers to be opened.


CSG or one of its trusted partners can then arrange to dispose of the chemicals compliantly and safely.


Dr Stuart Atkinson, who leads the Lab Chemical Waste Collection Team at CSG, said: “We are proud to be leading the industry in providing a solution to our customers for this common problem by making the unknown, known.


“It’s inevitable that companies that produce hazardous waste end up with containers without proper labels, which can happen for many reasons including the label simply falling off.”


The Raman spectrometer can provide rapid results on liquids or solids through sealed, clear and coloured glass and plastic opaque containers, or by analysing the chemical directly in an open container, identifying the chemical from an inbuilt database.


The device works by scattering light from a high- intensity laser light source, producing different wavelengths or colours to determine the chemical.


Raman spectroscopy has been successfully utilised in hazmat response, law enforcement and parcel screening at border control and can be used to identify very hazardous materials, such as explosives and narcotics.


The only limitations on the Raman spectrometer are chemicals which are in sealed containers through which the laser beam cannot penetrate, such as metal tins.


Dr Stuart added: “We were recently able to use the Raman spectrometer at a university where we found 244 small containers of unknown chemicals. We completed the job in just three days, correctly identifying the unknown substances for disposal with very high levels of accuracy.


“We believe there are many containers of unknown chemicals across the country and we are expecting huge demand for this new service.”


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Mercury is a persistent pollutant and once in the environment, can remain there for hundreds of years. It bioaccumulate in terrestrial and aquatic food chains where it carries over into human populations. Mercury is dangerous to humans due to its overall toxicity.


Mercury occurs naturally in the earth’s crust, but anthropogenic activities like mining and fossil fuel combustion have led to global mercury pollution. Once in the atmosphere it can travel thousands of miles and enters terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems via deposition and plume grounding from chimney stacks.


Mercury monitoring for Part A processes


Large industrial processes (Part A) fall under environment regulators such as the Environment Agency and SEPA, and strict legal permitting conditions and compliance requirements exist to limit the concentrations mercury emissions. Processes most likely to emit mercury are energy from waste and fossil fuelled power plants. The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) sets out which plants are required to measure mercury, and whether on a continuous or periodic basis. ET supplied OPSIS CEMS are MCERTS approved and can measure mercury both in the clean gas, for compliance reporting as well as in the raw-gas for process control.


Mercury in natural gas and LNG


Mercury is also present in natural gas and LNG and needs removing at the gas processing plant before it enters the gas main. This is an expensive and complicated task, and increasingly, real-time ‘end of pipe’ measurement of mercury is required for gas purity and quality control as well as plant optimisation and preventative maintenance requirements. Trace gas mercury measurement specialists, Tekran Inc. (again, supplied via ET) specialise in this application.


BAT and BRef documents


If you have an environmental permit which stipulates mercury is to be measured, you should be adhering to the Best Available Techniques for your installations (BAT).


Total mercury monitoring must be conducted as the mercury BAT now applies not only to atomic (metallic) mercury in the fl ue gas but to all gaseous substances containing mercury (known as total mercury) such as mercury chloride (HgCl2) and methylmercury (CH3Hg+). If you have any questions on mercury monitoring, please reach out to the expert team at Enviro Technology Services. More information online: ilmt.co/PL/ywQe


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