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A further situation for which the PressureSyn reactor is eminently suited is in homogeneous or heterogeneous reactions which require a gas at higher than atmospheric pressure. A common reaction in organic synthesis is the hydrogenation of various functional groups, using gaseous hydrogen at a variety of pressures, to synthesise novel molecules or remove protecting groups required in synthetic routes e.g. in natural product synthesis or potential drug molecules. Examples of reactions which have been safely carried out include the hydrogenation of aromatic and heteroaromatic rings and reduction of nitro groups to amines using metal catalysis. These reactions are commonly utilised in a number of processes in various industries including the pharmaceutical arena where the scale of such reactions may be a few mg to kilograms and above. Whilst a manufacturing process for the synthesis of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is being developed, it can be a distinct advantage to process chemists to be able to carry out reactions at various scales utilising comparable conditions to those used in the discovery phase. This is eminently possible by using the same design of reactor manufactured on a larger scale. Potentially toxic gases e.g. CO can be used to safely carry out synthetic manipulations an area which is becoming commonly used in organic synthesis in both industry and academia.
There have also been requests to use the PressureSyn reactor in the healthcare, oil and food industries where scientists have to routinely carry out reactions requiring high temperature and pressure.
Potential Future Enhancements to the Reactor Design.
When scientists perform a pressure reaction in the laboratory, in addition to careful monitoring of pressure and temperature, an understanding of the reaction profile is often required. Therefore future developments for the PressureSyn reactor under investigation include options where viewing ports could be incorporated or infrared, Raman or UV visible spectroscopic probes could be attached. It would also prove beneficial to have the facility to remove samples to monitor the progress of a reaction or to inject further reagents which may be possible whilst under pressure utilising an HPLC pump. These opportunities come from the flexibility of the design of the apparatus and will help scientists to pursue their research in the most efficient manner possible.
Conclusions
The PressureSyn reactor, with the incorporation of a unique safety key concept developed by scientists and engineers at the University of Nottingham, has enabled a variety of novel research approaches at elevated temperatures and high pressures to be undertaken in a safe and efficient manner. The outcomes of this work have led Professor Howdle and colleagues to produce significant improvements in applied materials research, production of commercially important polymeric materials and have impacted significantly in the area of healthcare. As a result of many years close collaboration with Asynt Ltd, on a series of laboratory reactor and heating system development projects, the company was chosen by the University to commercialise the PressureSyn reactor.
For further information please visit:
http://www.asynt.com/product/pressuresyn/
References
1. Busby, A. J.; Zhang, J.; Naylor, A.; Roberts, C. J.; Davies, M. C.; Tendler, S. J. B.; Howdle, S. M. J. Mater. Chem. 2003, 13 (11), 2838-2844
2. Maria del Carmen Gimenez-Lopez, Alessandro La Torre, Michael W. Fay, Paul D. Brown, and Andrei N. Khlobystov, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 2051 –2054
The Authors
Tom McInally is currently a Business Science Fellow in the Business Partnership Unit within the School of Chemistry at the University of Nottingham (UK). He was previously a team leader in the Medicinal Chemistry department of AstraZeneca working on projects to discover novel treatments for respiratory and allergic diseases.
Martyn Fordham is founder and Managing Director of Asynt Ltd and may be contacted for further information on the new PressureSyn high pressure reactor on
martyn.fordham@
asynt.com
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