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changes in climate, soil and ecological communities operate at different temporal scales in high Andean summits and the recently deglaciated lands (Ficetola et al., 2021; Khedim et al., 2021; Llambí et al., 2021; Anthelme et al., 2022; Cuesta et al., 2023). A key research question is whether some biotic components of glacial ecosystems will be lost or whether they will persist in cold, ice-free refuges after gla- cial collapse (Stibal et al., 2020). However, we have limited time to study the remainder of this glacier microbiota in the novel ecosystems that form after the complete retreat of ice.
Author contributions Study design: JRF-P, DAK; data review: JRF-P, LDL, AM; data analysis: JRF-P; writing: all authors.
Acknowledgements We thank Nerio Ramírez for his invaluable work documenting glacier retreat and Barbara Huber for kindly sharing preliminary results on glacier microbiota in the Venezuelan Andes. The National Geographic Society provided financial support for LDL and AM (Grant No. NGS-55170R-19). We also thank the Mucumbarila cable car system and INPARQUES for their support in accessing the study sites near Humboldt Peak.
Conflicts of interest None.
Ethical standards This research abided by the Oryx guidelines on ethical standards.
Data availability The data and code that support the findings of this study are available at
osf.io/y3279.
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Oryx, 2024, 58(6), 735–745 © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605323001771
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