Conservation News 691
Pied Tamarin Wildlife Refuge: first federal protected area for the Critically Endangered Saguinusbicolor
The pied tamarin Saguinus bicolor is a small primate en- demic to the Brazilian Amazon, occurring in the municipal- ities of Manaus, Rio Preto da Eva and Itacoatiara, with one of the smallest distribution ranges for a Neotropical primate (c. 8,000 km2). In Manaus, agriculture, industry, urban and infrastructure expansion, and human population growth have resulted in habitat loss and fragmentation through de- forestation, and deaths and injuries of primates from vehicle collisions, electric shocks and attacks by domestic dogs. An additional threat is the expansion of neighbouring popula- tions of the congeneric golden-handed tamarin Saguinus midas into the pied tamarin’s range. As a result, S. bicolor is categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is one of the 25 most threatened primates globally. Since 2011, the National Action Plan for the Conservation of the Pied Tamarin (
gov.br/icmbio/pt-br/assuntos/biodiversidade/pan/ pan-sauim-de-coleira) has promoted the conservation of the species and its habitat, implementing actions to reverse its decline. This Plan is official public policy, designed, imple- mented and monitored through a participatory process co- ordinated by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. Following the Plan’s guidelines, the min- imum area required to sustain a viable population is c. 10,000 ha, and three of the best preserved areas of this minimum size within the species’ distribution have been identified (Jerusalinsky et al., 2017,
gov.br/icmbio/pt-br/ assuntos/biodiversidade/pan/pan-sauim-de-coleira/1-ciclo/ pan-sauim-de-coleira-livro.pdf). One of these areas was evaluated in 2017 and 2018 for
potential as a Biological Reserve. In 2023, procedures were resumed, with surveys, discussions with local communities and political negotiations. On 5 June 2024, Decree 12.047 was signed by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, creating the 15,300 ha Pied Tamarin Wildlife Refuge, the first federal protected area for the species. The objectives of the Refuge are to protect forest areas relevant for the conservation of the pied tamarin, enhance habitat connectivity and pro- mote the adoption of conservation-compatible agricultural practices. Designation as a Wildlife Refuge (rather than Biological Reserve) considers the needs of local communi- ties by ensuring protection is compatible with agricultural production (e.g. of pineapple, a locally important crop) and permits activities such as primate watching. The effectiveness of the Refuge will depend on an ef-
fective manager and staff, and allocation of the required equipment and resources. Ongoing dialogue with local communities and landowners will be crucial for agreeing best practices to reconcile environmentally sustainable agricultural production with protection of the species’
The pied tamarin Saguinus bicolor. Photo: Diogo Lagroteria.
habitat. The creation of the Refuge also aims to advance research, education, law enforcement and communication, and to attract investment, improve the quality of life for local people and support other actions that promote the conservation of the iconic pied tamarin and associated biodiversity.
DIOGO LAGROTERIA1,2 (
diogo.faria@icmbio.gov.br),
RENATA B. DE AZEVEDO2,3 ,MARCELO GORDO2,4 , LUIS F.M. COELHO4,FÁBIO RÖHE4,DAYSE CAMPISTA5, MAURÍCIO NORONHA5,NATALIA A.S. LIMA6 ,WILSON R. SPIRONELLO7 ,EDSON R. COSTA4 ,ALINE MEDEIROS4 , TAINARA V. SOBROZA4 ,LUCIANE L. SOUZA8 ,PAULO
H.G. CASTRO9 and LEANDRO JERUSALINSKY2,3 1Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Amazônica, Instituto Chico Mendes de
Conservação da Biodiversidade, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. 2IUCN Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group. 3Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil. 4Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Projeto Sauim-de-Coleira, Universidade Federal do
Oryx, 2024, 58(6), 689–699 © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605324001133
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