the joints of the short inside leg can help realign the center of mass. Extending from the knee joint, in particular, creates a forward movement of the center of mass.
HOW IT’S DONE
As shown in fi gure 2, as the skier approaches turn completion his or her weight transfer is largely fi nished but the extension continues through transition (fi g. 2a) and into the fall line of the upcoming turn. Therefore, the skier is taller or more extended through the transition (fig. 2b). Also through the transition, lower-leg
activation enables the skier to deliberately and precisely change edges (fi g. 2b). T is action, together with moving forward, engages the tip of the ski and draws it into the turn (fi g. 2c). As lateral forces increase through the top of the turn, the skier shortens the new inside leg as he or she moves toward the inside of the turn while maintaining pressure against the outside ski (fi g. 2c). In this way, the skier moves in the direction of the next arc as the skis travel in a curved path. Shortly after the fall line, this process begins again.
RETRACTION TURN
Racers use retraction when pressure is heavy on the skis late in the completion of a turn and the transition must be made quickly. T ey may be late in their line and need to get their skis quickly on edge for the next gate. Being the quickest method of transitioning from edge to edge, retracting the skis allows a racer to quickly adjust for the next gate and to regain his or her intended line. Retraction turns are a great way for skiers
to deal with the overall magnitude of pressure in varied conditions and terrain, such as moguls, crud, powder, and the like. In soft snow, retraction allows the skis to resurface in transition, while extension may cause the ski tips to bury. In bumps, a skier may need to preemptively absorb the terrain to avoid massive pressure loads. It should be noted, however, that when the legs retract, the center of mass moves over the tails of the skis. Once past edge change, it is important for the skier to extend both legs so that the center of mass moves more in line with the feet.
HOW IT’S DONE
As shown in fi gure 3, at the completion of a turn (fi g. 3a), the skier releases pressure by actively pulling up (retracting) his or her legs simultaneously; both the old and new outside legs fl ex (fi g. 3.b). T e skier continues to move the upper body forward and down the hill as his or her knees come closer to the chest.
Although the skier fl exes both legs to
release edge and pressure, he or she fl exes the old outside leg at a faster rate than the inside leg. In this way, the skier transfers weight to the new outside ski immediately. As the skier weights the new outside ski, he or she begins to tip it onto edge. As the skier extends the outside leg, he or she continues to move toward the inside of the turn (fi g. 3c). T e skier extends primarily at the knee joint so that his or her center of mass moves forward. T is allows the skier to pressure the fore-body of the outside ski as early as possible. He or she skis the entire length of the ski, engaging the tip at the top of the turn, and then the
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