050 ANALYSIS / RETAIL LIGHTING Pics courtesy of Scott Tallon Walker; lighting - Happold Lighting Pic courtesy of Morrison & Spottiswood
Using different layers of light, such as in The Point Village Mall in Dublin (above left) and Princes Square Mall (above right), varies the intensity of the scene to suit the time of day, season or available daylight. Lighting can also be used to create or enhance features and focal points, creating visual interest and forming spectacles that can capture passers-by and encourage them deeper into the store.
a degree that it is becoming the light source of choice for many retail lighting applications.
BENEFITS Many of the benefits of LED technology for the retail sector are widely known. • Lifespan - Potential for very long system life (when properly designed to manage heat/current and used as intended). • Lower power consumption than many conventional sources for equivalent light distribution/output. • Instant ON, no warm up time required when initially powered up. • Potential for high system efficacies, and energy savings when properly designed and specified. • Can be provided in a variety of shapes, sizes and form factor (and can allow more compact luminaires, illuminated surfaces or complex geometric forms not easily created using traditional lighting technologies). • Wide range of optical systems and beam distributions can be provided (from conven- tional light distribution types to completely bespoke). • Easy to colour mix, colour change and vary the colour temperature of light (with- out the need for filters or moving parts). • Can be used in cold environments with little detrimental effect on light output. • Less maintenance needed than with many conventional lighting systems. • Flexibility to change lighting levels pro- vided (with appropriate control/dimming). • No ultraviolet/infrared or heat within the light beam so can be used in many areas where heat/UV could be detrimental.
• Lower heat output can result in less cooling being required in areas that contain high volumes of light fixtures. • Mercury-free. • Potential for real lifecycle cost savings against conventional lighting systems. • Higher resistance to shock or vibration, than luminaires containing conventional lamps. • LEDs can be switched ON and OFF frequently (or dimmed, where possible) without reducing their life.
ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED In order to take advantage of the many benefits LED systems can offer, it is very important to ensure that the limitations are observed and properly addressed. • Large variation in quality - lots of low quality equipment and components in the marketplace so careful product selection and specification is important. • Different types of LED system are avail- able AC LED, DC LED, OLED, voltage driven, current driven, and each of these have benefits and limitations. • Inconsistent or misleading labelling or product information can make it difficult to compare systems performance. • Not all LED lighting systems have re- placeable light sources, and so some need to be replaced entirely upon failure, or as further LED development makes their replacement viable. • Can be more expensive than convention- al lighting systems in terms of capital cost. • Sharp cut-off with optics created by some LED systems can sometimes be too harsh (compared to conventional lamp
based luminaires, for some applications, if not considered as part of a holistic design approach). • Reduced performance in higher tempera- tures. (One of the most critical elements to consider with LED lighting systems - it is important to regulate the junction tempera- ture and operate this within the specified tolerances.) • Retrofit solutions not suited to all lumi- naire types (risk of overheating in enclosed luminaires, risk of reduced light output with some existing optic arrangements, potential for increased glare or undesired optical. characteristics with certain luminaire types). • Most LED lighting systems need DC power to operate and some will require external control gear. • Not all LED products are dimmable. • Compatibility issues with some dimming systems (very important to match com- patibility of the LED/Driver and Control systems). With clear guidance and access to the cor- rect information, these issues can be identi- fied, checked and effectively addressed. The Institution of Engineering and Tech- nology (IET) has also produced a new publication in February 2014. IET: Code of Practice for the Application of LED Lighting Systems. The purpose of this document is to give comfort and assurance to Clients, Maintenance teams, Designers, Specifies and Installers, so that they can success- fully implement LED lighting systems with confidence.
www.lightalliance.co.uk www.bre.co.uk
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