Figure 2: Soybean meal and feed global warming potential reductions when reducing dietary CP levels in 15 trials in both pigs and poultry. Red or blue line: general linear model considering “trial” as random factor.
Thanks to newly available amino acid solutions, environmental impacts can now be decreased without any compromise on performance When reducing dietary CP, SBM and soybean oil are gradually replaced by cereals & feed-grade AA, leading to reduced global warming potential. In order to maintain performance and yields of pigs and poultry, it is important to control each dietary digestible amino acid at the adequate level. In this context of lower CP content, it is crucial to consider the next limiting AA: Arginine (Arg) & Isoleucine (Ile) in broilers, as well as Leucine (Leu), Histidine (His) & Isoleucine in piglets and fattening pigs.
Table 2: Nutrient and feed composition of recent low dietary CP trials in a) broilers and b) fattening pigs
a) Feed
Phase CP (%)
SID Lys (%) Cereals (%)
Soybean Meal (%)
L-Lys, L-Thr, DL-Met, L-Val
L-Ile, L-Arg b) Feed Phase CP (%)
SID Lys (%) Cereals (%)
Soybean & Rapeseed Meals (%)
L-Lys,
L-Thr, L-Trp, DL-Met
L-Val
L-Ile, L-Leu, L-His
- -
++ +
25-
50kg 17.4 0.94 64 25
CONTROL
0-10d 21.1 1.15 60.3 33.1
+ -
CONTROL 50-
80kg 15.9 0.86 72 18
+ 80-
115kg 14.2 0.77 76 13
25-
50kg 15.7 0.94 69 20
10-25d 19.4 1.04 64
28.7 LOW CP
0-10d 19.3 1.15 66.3 27.1
++ +
LOW CP 50-
80kg 14.4 0.86 76 14
+++ 80-
115kg 12.9 0.77 81 8
10-25d 18
1.04 69.1 24
Performance & Yeilds
SBM Intake CO2 Emissions
Many performance experiments have been conducted in past years to evaluate the impact of this nutritional strategy on performance. Two recent examples are given below in both broilers and fattening pigs. In these examples, all indispensable AA (Arg & Ile in broilers,
Ile, Leu & His in pigs) have been controlled in the diets thanks to the addition of feed-grade AA. Reducing dietary CP resulted in a decrease of SBM, replaced by cereals (mainly wheat). Irrespective of species, performance (ADG, ADFI, FCR and carcass traits) was similar in low CP diets compared to the control. SBM intake, CO2 and N emissions were reduced as indicated in Table 3.
Table 3: Savings when reducing dietary CP levels in broilers and pigs.
Absolute Decrease (g/animal)
Broiler =
780 207
Pig =
6800 18000
Relative Decrease (%)
Broiler =
15 11
Pig =
28 10
What are the next steps for the UK industry in terms of sustainability? A clear direction has been given by the UK authorities and consumers to the livestock industry, highlighting the need to reduce its impact on the environment. Today the feed industry has the capacity to quantify the sustainability benefits it can bring to livestock production, using consistent and reliable methods such as LCA. Efforts in that direction should be encouraged, so the positive
contribution of animal nutrition can be more visible for our downstream partners. In that sense, the path to lower protein in pigs and poultry diets is a way to not only reduce deforestation and climate change, but also to act on nitrogen related emissions such as N, NH3
& N2 O. N2 O itself
being a greenhouse gas with a high global warming potential. The benefits that the feed industry can bring are in line with
consumers’ expectation and policy priorities. Making these benefits visible in a quantified way is an essential step to valorize the positive contribution of the feed industry.
PAGE 46 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2021 FEED COMPOUNDER
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