MORE THAN
SKIN DEEP
Acne is a common dermatological condition that affects millions worldwide.
W
hile acne predominantly affects adolescents, it can persist or even start in adulthood, and can cause
significant distress in patients. The impact of which is often more than skin deep.
Pathophysiology of Acne Acne primarily affects skin with a higher density of oil glands, including the face, back, and chest. It is caused by the interplay of increased sebum production, clogged pores, proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, and inflammation.
Hormonal changes, particularly increased androgens, are known to exacerbate acne, which explains its prevalence during adolescence. However, adult acne is also increasingly common and can persist into one's 30s and beyond.
OTC Treatments Over-the-counter options are the first line of defence against mild to moderate acne. Products containing benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid are among the most effective. Benzoyl peroxide works by killing bacteria and removing excess oil, while salicylic acid helps break down blackheads
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and whiteheads. Pharmacists can help advise patients on proper application techniques and the importance of adherence to see beneficial effects, as well as to manage expectations about the time frame for improvement - typically several weeks.
Prescription Treatments For moderate to severe acne, or cases unresponsive to OTC treatments, prescription medications may be necessary. These include topical retinoids, topical antibiotics, and, for more severe cases, oral medications such as antibiotics or isotretinoin.
Pharmacists can provide information on the correct use of these treatments and potential side effects.
The Role of the Pharmacist Pharmacists are ideally placed to offer advice on acne treatment effectiveness, potential side effects, and the importance of a consistent skincare routine.
We can also help identify non-comedogenic products that won't exacerbate acne. Importantly, pharmacists can assist in recognizing when a patient should be referred to a dermatologist for
further evaluation or treatment. Counselling on lifestyle factors such as diet, stress management, and the impact of cosmetics can also be part of the pharmacist's role.
While evidence linking diet and acne is not definitive, some studies suggest that high glycaemic index foods and dairy may worsen symptoms in susceptible individuals.
Studies show a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression among individuals with acne, leading to decreased self-esteem and quality of life.
Pharmacists can offer support by recognising the signs of psychological distress and referring patients to appropriate mental health services when necessary.
Acne can significantly impact an individual's quality of life, making effective management strategies essential.
As pharmacists, we are on the front line of patient education and support and can make significant contributions to the management of this common but complex skin condition.
PHARMACISTS ARE IDEALLY PLACED TO OFFER ADVICE ON ACNE TREATMENT EFFECTIVENES
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