approach is depicted in the adjoining figure and includes procedural and technical countermeasures on each layer.
1. The Policy Document: Defence begins with the organisation’s leadership, where strategies are formed, and policies are made. These policy statements must be exhaustive, covering anti-malware software, information classification, OT firmware patching, remote access protocols, application patching amongst a host of others.
2. The Implementation: Policies must be backed up by the plan for implementation, which will include Role Development, Procedures and records.
3. Access Control: Physical measures to prevent unauthorised personnel from gaining access into a vessel and to IT and OT onboard elements.
4. Network Rationalisation and Segregation: Establish the physical layout and condition of the shipboard network – produce logical and physical network plans. Segregate IT and OT networks by establishing an IDMZ. Establish relevant redundancies.
5. Training:
None of the above will work if the Master and crew do not have basic knowledge for correctly using of technology and equipment (IT and OT), understand the existing vulnerabilities and appreciate the threat and risk in the current landscape.
Recommendations & Deliberations
A. The need of the hour is a Cyber Security Program integrating the following:
1. Philosophy
The basis of the framework: IMO Res 428/MSC-FAL Circ. 3, The ISO 27001 standard, NIST, BIMCO/Industry Guidelines, Class guidelines, etc; pragmatically combining elements to culminate in policy making, establishing scope, purpose and objectives, risk assessment and application of controls.
2. Technology
6. Culture: Imperative that the management stays committed to establishing, implementing and sustaining a cyber hygiene culture. This must be a long-term initiative and the process of change is often sluggish and slow.
7. Develop a system of Internal and External Audits: A necessity for any system, dynamic analysis of audit data will help in modifying processes, addressing gaps and assist in continually improving the system.
Hands-on knowhow of shipboard and office networks (IT and OT) within relevant context | adequate experience in integrating shipboard processes with technology | Development and deployment of a cyber security management tool.
3. Trade
Integrating the Philosophy and Technology with the nuances of ship operation and management, in a pragmatic, practical and sustainable manner, with the appropriate cost to benefit to risk ratio.
B. Management team for cyber security
Many companies
who may have designed and implemented their safety management systems in the past and have a fairly decent sized IT cell, are in the process of establishing
a cyber security management system
entirely in-house. While this may seem like a logical solution, it really is not the ideal
one, for several reasons; let me list out a couple.
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