hull prior to sheathing the hull with copper. The tack may be of steel or copper and is used for light wood work such as the manufacture of the wooden template used for marking off a shell plate.
It is
sometimes also used to hold the nibbed end of a scarph in wooden boat planking.
3. The Corrugated Fastener Figure 10 The Hardboard Pin Figure 7 The Corrugated Fastener
This is, strictly, not a nail but will sometimes be found in joints in poor quality joinery working holding the corners of wooden frames firmly together. They are generally of mild steel and rust leaving bad stains.
4. The French or Round Head Wire Nail
Figure 8 The French or Round Headed Wire Nail
This is the nail commonly used for general work. It is unattractive in shape and can split wood when hammered into position. The risk of splitting the wood can be much reduced if the point is blunted by placing the head on a hard surface and striking the point with a hammer before using the nail so that, when driven, the nail tears a guide hole in the wood. The term French is used as the nails were first produced in France. The nail is sometimes used for outside use and is often galvanized to prevent rusting and staining.
Its head is
countersunk in a similar manner to that of a screw so that it holds well when hammered into timber.
5. The Flat Head Nail Figure 9 The Flat Headed Nail
The flat head nail is similar to the French wire nail and is also
This is a diamond shape headed pin rather than a nail and is often hidden when used on certain materials such as hardboard.
7. The Lost Head or Bullet Head Nail
Figure 11 The Lost Head or Bullet Head Nail
The lost head or bullet head nail as it is called in America is one of the most versatile and common types used in outfitting woodwork. It is a general purpose nail that comes in a range of sizes and the head allows it to be punched below the timber’s surface to conceal it.
8. The Oval Wire Nail Figure 12 The Oval Wire Nail
This is a long nail and care must be taken when it is hammered into the wood.
If the long axis of the oval is
aligned with the wood’s grain, it is likely to split the wood.
9. The Panel Pin Figure 13 The Panel Pin
This pin is commonly used in interior joinery when attaching sheets of plywood to a timber frame.
very common and is most likely to be seen on softwoods and thin timber. The flat head makes it easier to hammer the nail in straight and the head has more surface area to give it increased accuracy when hammering.
6. The Hardboard Pin
10. The Sprig Figure 14 The Sprig
This nail has no head and is generally only used for securely fixing window glass into wooden frames prior to dressing with putty.
It is also used when forming
glued joints to hold the pieces together until the glue has set. They should always be treated with suspicion as they rust and break.
Hot dipped, zinc coated nails have good rust protection. This method is considered the best way to coat nails as they are submerged in hot, molten zinc. Nails can be double dipped for heavier plating. Galvanized nails are coated through a tumbling process. The coating is applied by sprinkling zinc chips on steel nails in a barrel and rotating the barrel in a furnace to melt the zinc and coat the nails. While the nails may look the same as hot dipped, they may not be evenly coated and threads may fill up. Electroplated nails have the coating applied with high voltage electric current. Mechanical plating involves rotating cold nails in a barrel with zinc dust. Glass pellets in the barrel hammer the zinc dust onto the nails. The nails are then immersed in a chromate rinse that gives them a gold or green colour. This process leaves the threads relatively clean but the coating can be thin. Electroplating occurs when nails are immersed in an electrolytic solution that deposits a thick film of zinc on the nails when an electric current is run through the solution. Although the finish is shiny, it is also prone to rust because the thin plating oxidizes away. These nails are best used in interior applications. Aluminium nails have the advantage of being rustproof but must be made thicker than galvanized steel nails to prevent bending. This thicker diameter may cause wood to split but they are suitable for exterior uses. Bright finished nails have a bright, uncoated steel finish for use where corrosion resistance is not required. They are slightly shorter than the same d size common nail.
The Report • September 2020 • Issue 93 | 43
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