be treenailed alternately double and single unless bolts are used through intervening frame timbers and, if less than eight inches width, then the planks should be singly treenailed. On planks over 100 mm (4”) wide, the treenails are laid with the outer edge of the drilled hole three quarters of one diameter in from the two edges of the plank. On planks under 100 mm (4”) width the treenails are fitted alternately either side of the centreline of the plank with the distance between the outer edge of the treenail hole to the edge of the timber being not less than three quarters of one treenail diameter. The heads of the treenails should sink about two mm (⅛”) below the surface on varnished work to enable therm to take a resin skim.
Plank
The diameter of the treenail should not exceed one third of the thickness of the plank being secured and, as a rough guide to sizes, planking 32 mm (1¼”) thick laid on heavy grown frames need treenails about 16 mm (⅝”) diameter or moot while 50 mm (2”) thick planking requires treenails of 22 mm (⅞”) diameter. To take such treenails the hole is drilled right through the plank and the timber and the length of the treenail should be such that the point lies slightly shy of protruding out of the inner side of the frame timber. A treenail so driven that the point or inside end is flush with the inside of the frame timber was said to be wood on wood or peg and peg. Wedged or keyed treenails are fitted on the outside
Drift same diameter all the way through
Head Head Wedge Slot
Main Drift Diameter Shoulder
Length Frame or timber Drift drilled for a Plain or a Back Wedged Treenail d 1" ⅞d m/6 Toe wedge slot siding
Blind Hole or Drift drilled for a Fox Wedged Treenail
Figure 19 Details of Treenails Figure 19 Details of Treenails
48 | The Report • September 2020 • Issue 93
Fox Wedged and Fox Wedged Plain Treenail
moulding Length
Second Drift Diameter Point Wedge Slot Point
Head wedge slot
with a wedge or a crossed pair of wedges. Once driven the head (outer end) of the treenail is split and a hardwood wedge driven into the split with the long edge of the wedge lying transverse to the grain of the planking. Where extra security is required and to improve their holding quality, the points of the treenails are sometimes fitted also with fox wedges on the inside in which they are said to be foxed or fox tailed. This latter requires the holes drilled in the planking/ timbers to take the treenail to be blind i.e., not drilled all the way through. If done correctly this is a very efficient means of fastening a wooden joint. The hole is drilled through the plank but only about two thirds to three quarters of the way through the frame timber
Lead
Wedged and Fox Wedged Drifted Treenail
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